Perilla frutescens

Objectives: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a standardized ethanol extract of purple perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo; PE) in adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups and received PE (n = 50, 500 mg/day) or placebo (n = 50) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcomes included cognitive function, which was assessed by the Korean mini-mental status examination-2 (K-MMSE-2) and the Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), and plasma amyloid β (Aβ) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which were measured as secondary biochemical markers. The safety biomarkers were also assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the K-MMSE-2 total score, the K-MMSE-2 subdomain scores (attention and calculation and language), the ADAS-Cog total score, and the ADAS-Cog subscale scores (word recall, commands, delayed word recall, naming, word recognition, and recall instructions) showed statistically significant between-group improvements compared with the placebo group. Improvements were observed in both groups, whereas the magnitude of cognitive enhancement was greater in the PE group, indicating an effect beyond placebo-related responses. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in plasma Aβ or BDNF levels. The safety evaluation found no clinically significant changes. Conclusions: Twelve-week administration of PE significantly improved cognitive outcomes without safety concerns, suggesting its potential as a standardized botanical ingredient for supporting cognitive function in individuals with early cognitive impairment.

The human immune system plays a crucial role in defending the body against various infections, viruses, and external substances, contributing to overall well-being. However, an imbalance in the immune system can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, impacting overall health. Preclinical investigations suggest the potential application of Portulaca oleracea L. and Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara seed complex extract (PPCE) as a potent biological response modifier in terms of immunity. However, the safety and efficacy of PPCE in boosting immune function have not been investigated clinically. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PPCE on the immune system in healthy adults. An 8-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial was adopted for the study. Study participants were administered either 1080 mg day-1 of a PPCE supplement or a placebo. The study assessed the Natural Killer (NK) cell activity as the primary outcome measure. Serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and a questionnaire-based assessment of upper airway infection were the secondary outcomes. At the end of the 8 weeks, NK cell activity significantly improved in the PPCE group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12 significantly increased (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Additionally, no adverse effects were observed during the trial. These findings suggest that PPCE supplementation is safe and potentially benefits immune stimulation by enhancing NK cell activity and inducing the production of Th-1 type cell-stimulating cytokines like IL-12 in healthy individuals.

Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linoleic acid (LNA), on human bone have not yet been elucidated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of long-term PO intake on bone health in Japanese adults. After screening for eligibility, 52 participants (mean age 54.2 ± 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 25) and PO (n = 27) groups, which received 7.0 ml of olive oil and PO daily, respectively. At baseline and 12-month, quantitative ultrasound of the right calcaneus was measured with an ultrasound bone densitometer and percentage of the Young Adult Mean (%YAM) was calculated. Serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were evaluated. In addition, PUFA levels in the erythrocyte plasma membrane (RBC-PM), serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, %YAM levels increased and serum TRACP-5b levels decreased significantly in the PO group at 12-month, while serum BALP levels remained unchanged. Moreover, RBC-PM LNA levels and BAP/d-ROM ratios increased significantly in the PO compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that long-term PO intake may improve age-related BMD decline by suppressing bone resorption and increasing LNA levels. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

We have shown that Anredera cordifolia extract improves learning and memory in a senescence-accelerated mouse model, and that α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich Perilla frutescens seed oil (PO) improves brain function in healthy Japanese adults and elderly individuals. Herein, we present a 12-month, randomised, double-blind, parallel-armed intervention trial examining the effects of PO supplementation alone or in combination with A. cordifolia leaf powder on brain function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the PO group received 1.47 mL PO (0.88 g ALA) daily via soft gelatine capsules, and the POAC group received 1.47 mL PO and 1.12 g A. cordifolia leaf powder (1.46 mg vitexin and 1.12 mg adenosine) daily. After 12 months of intervention, the POAC group showed generally higher cognitive index scores than the PO group. The beneficial effects of combined supplementation on cognitive function were associated with increased ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid levels in red blood cell plasma membranes, increased serum biological antioxidant potential, and decreased serum triglyceride, glucose, and N-(epsilon)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end-product and biochemical marker of oxidative stress levels. The effects of combined supplementation on cognitive function also showed a significant negative correlation with serum CML levels after 12 months of intervention. Our findings suggest that combined long-term supplementation with PO and A. cordifolia more effectively ameliorates age-related cognitive decline than PO alone. These findings may serve as a basis for the development of new supplements for brain health. Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000040863.

This study aimed to develop perilla fruit oil (PFO)-fortified soybean milk (PFO-SM), identify its sensory acceptability, and evaluate its health outcomes. Our PFO-SM product was pasteurized, analyzed for its nutritional value, and had its acceptability assessed by an experienced and trained descriptive panel (n = 100) based on a relevant set of sensory attributes. A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving healthy subjects who were assigned to consume deionized water (DI), SM, PFO-SM, or black sesame-soybean milk (BS-SM) (n = 48 each, 180 mL/serving) daily for 30 d. Accordingly, health indices and analyzed blood biomarkers were recorded. Consequently, 1% PFO-SM (1.26 mg ALA rich) was generally associated with very high scores for overall acceptance, color, flavor, odor, taste, texture, and sweetness. We observed that PFO-SM lowered levels of serum triglycerides and erythrocyte reactive oxygen species, but increased phagocytosis and serum antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) when compared to SM and BS-SM. These findings indicate that PFO supplementation in soybean milk could enhance radical-scavenging and phagocytotic abilities in the blood of healthy persons. In this regard, it was determined to be more efficient than black sesame supplementation. We are now better positioned to recommend the consumption of PFO-SM drink for the reduction of many chronic diseases. Randomized clinical trial registration (Reference number 41389) by IRSCTN Registry.

Perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), can improve cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese people. Here, supplements containing either PO alone or PO with nobiletin-rich air-dried immature ponkan powder were examined for their effects on cognitive function in 49 healthy elderly Japanese individuals. Patients were enrolled in a 12-month randomized, double-blind, parallel-armed study. Randomized participants in the PO group received soft gelatin capsules containing 1.47 mL (0.88 g of ALA) of PO daily, and those in the PO + ponkan powder (POPP) group received soft gelatin capsules containing both 1.47 mL of PO and 1.12 g ponkan powder (2.91 mg of nobiletin) daily. At the end of intervention, the POPP group showed significantly higher cognitive index scores than the PO group. The pro-cognitive effects of POPP treatment were accompanied by increases in ALA and docosahexaenoic acid levels in red blood cell plasma membranes, serum brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels, and biological antioxidant potential. We demonstrate that 12-month intervention with POPP enhances serum BDNF and antioxidant potential, and may improve age-related cognitive impairment in healthy elderly people by increasing red blood cell ω-3 fatty acid levels. Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000040863.

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton has been widely used to treat respiratory diseases. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by airway inflammation, pulmonary edema and hypoxia, but still lacks effective medications in clinic. Therefore, in this study, active components from perilla leaf extract (PLE) were identified and their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms against ALI were further investigated. Using anti-inflammation bioactivity-guided fractionation, a fraction (PLE-A) with the highest anti-inflammatory activity was obtained from PLE, in which, the main components of Rosmarinic Acid (RosA) and Scutellarin (Scu) were identified by LC-MS/MS. And then, the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of major compounds were screened by SynergyFinder, and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo, PLE-A, RosA and Scu attenuated LPS-induced ALI, while the compatibility of RosA and Scu showed stronger activity than single compound, as well as in vitro suppressed LPS-induced monocyte/macrophage inflammation. Mechanically, the compatibility of RosA, Scu synergistically inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of Syk, LFA-1 and Mac-1 in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that RosA and Scu, the major compounds from PLE-A, synergistically alleviates airway inflammation of ALI potentially through inhibiting of Syk/β2-integrin pathway. Thus, our study provides a method to rapidly screen anti-ALI components from PLE, and validates their synergistic compatibility ratio, which increases their druggability and application in drug combination therapy against ALI.

A series of pentacyclic tritperpenes found in Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens), including ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), corosolic acid (CA), 3-epi-corosolic acid (3-epiCA), maslinic acid (MA), and 3-epi-maslinic acid (3-epiMA) were evaluated for their effects on epidermal cell signaling, proliferation, and skin inflammation in relation to their ability to inhibit skin tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and compared to UA as the prototype compound. All compounds were given topically 30 min prior to each TPA application and significantly inhibited skin tumor promotion. 3-epiCA and MA were significantly more effective than UA at inhibiting tumor development. All of these compounds significantly inhibited epidermal proliferation induced by TPA, however, CA, 3-epiCA and MA were more effective than UA. All compounds also reduced skin inflammation (assessed by infiltration of mast cells and T-cells) and inflammatory gene expression induced by TPA, however, 3-epiCA and MA were again more effective than UA. The greater ability of 3-epiCA and MA to inhibit skin tumor promotion was associated with greater reduction of Cox-2 and Twist1 proteins and inhibition of activation (i.e., phosphorylation) of IGF-1R, STAT3 and Src. Further study of these compounds, especially 3-epiCA and MA, for chemopreventive activity in other cancer model systems is warranted.

83. Hong Kong Med J. 2012 Dec;18 Suppl 6:34-6. Interaction between oseltamivir and herbal medicines used for treating avian influenza. Yang MS(1), Law FC, Wong RN, Mak NK, Wei XY. Author information: (1)Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China. [email protected] PMID: 23249852 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of PE extracts developed for the purpose of relieving pain and improving knee joint function on semi-healthy people with mild knee joint pain. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, two-arm, single-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Individuals with knee joint pain and a visual analogue scale (VAS) score < 50 mm were included in the study, and participants with radiological arthritis were excluded. Participants were administered either PFE or a placebo capsule (700 mg, twice a day) orally for eight weeks. The comparisons of the changed VAS score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scores between the PFE and placebo groups were primary outcomes, while the five inflammation-related laboratory tests including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, cyclooxygenase-2, neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were secondary outcomes. Also, a safety assessment was done. Results: Eighty participants (mean age, 38.4 ± 14.0, male: female, 28:52) were enrolled; 75 completed the trial (PFE 36 and placebo 39). After eight weeks, both VAS and WOMAC scores were reduced in the PFE and placebo groups. The changed scores were significantly higher in the PFE group compared to the placebo group: 19.6 ± 10.9 vs. 6.8 ± 10.5; VAS scores (p < 0.001), and 20.5 ± 14.7 vs. 9.3 ± 16.5; total WOMAC scores (p < 0.01) including the sub-scores for pain, stiffness, and functions. No significant changes were reported in the five inflammation-related laboratory parameters. All adverse events were considered minor and unlikely to result from the intervention. Conclusion: Eight weeks of PFE intake was more effective than placebo in reducing knee joint pain and improving knee joint function in sub-healthy people with mild knee joint pain, and there were no major safety concerns. Clinical Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&focus=reset_12&search_page=M&pageSize=10&page=undefined&seq=23101&status=5&seq_group=19745, identifier CRIS: KCT0007219.

Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) is a popular food as well as a traditional medicine in Japan, China, and other Asian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of perilla on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro and in human subjects. We compared the antioxidant activities of red perilla and green perilla. Both green and red perilla had high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and were abundant in polyphenol compounds. In addition, the radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content of red perilla were higher than those of green perilla. Perilla dramatically inhibited azo-radical-induced LDL oxidation and endothelial-cell-mediated LDL oxidation in vitro. Moreover, red perilla significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in endothelial cells. We further examined the antioxidant effects against LDL in human subjects after the consumption of perilla extracts. After oral intake of red perilla, the subjects' LDL oxidation lag times were significantly longer than those before the intake. Furthermore, lipid peroxide formation and the electrophoretic mobility of LDL decreased markedly. These results suggested that perilla, especially the red variety, had high antioxidant activity and prevented the oxidation of LDL, which is a process strongly related to the development of atherosclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common dermatologic complaint that affects different parts of the body. Axillary hyperpigmentation (AH) is a common dermatologic complaint, with no standard treatment. We aim to address the efficacy and safety of the studied treatment modalities for AH. METHODS: A systematic search was done using "axillary" and "hyperpigmentation"-related keywords/MeSH terms through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. RESULTS: Ten studies on AH were categorized into topical treatments, light/laser-based therapies, and comparative approaches. Topical agents like niacinamide, desonide, sweet orange extract, Perilla frutescens leaf extract, Cyperus rotundus oil, glycolic acid, and novel serums demonstrated varying degrees of pigmentation reduction, with desonide and C. rotundus oil showing significant effectiveness and minimal side effects. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was effective across three studies. Both Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) modalities showed significant improvement with minimal adverse events; though pain was more reported with the laser. A comparative study found IPL superior to alpha-hydroxy acid in skin lightening and texture improvement. One study on Curcuma aeruginosa was excluded due to its primary focus on hair growth reduction rather than pigmentation. CONCLUSION: The most frequently used laser in treating AH was QS Nd-YAG without having any severe adverse effect. Various topical treatments including Niacinamide, desonide, HQ, AHA, and a few herbal extracts were shown to be effective for AH. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Viruses pose a significant threat to human health, causing widespread diseases and impacting the global economy. Perilla frutescens, a traditional medicine and food homologous plant, is well known for its antiviral properties. This systematic review examines the antiviral potential of Perilla frutescens, including its antiviral activity, chemical structure and pharmacological parameters. Utilizing bioinformatics analysis, we revealed the correlation between Perilla frutescens and antiviral activity, identified overlaps between Perilla frutescens target genes and virus-related genes, and explored related signaling pathways. Moreover, a classified summary of the active components of Perilla frutescens, focusing on compounds associated with antiviral activity, provides important clues for optimizing the antiviral drug development of Perilla frutescens. Our findings indicate that Perilla frutescens showed a strong antiviral effect, and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit the replication and spread of a variety of viruses in this review. The antiviral mechanisms of Perilla frutescens may involve several pathways, including enhanced immune function, modulation of inflammatory responses, and inhibition of key enzyme activities such as viral replicase. These results underscore the potential antiviral application of Perilla frutescens as a natural plant and provide important implications for the development of new antiviral drugs.

Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by an exaggerated response of the immune system to common allergens. Most pharmacological therapies tend to be palliative and in some cases are associated with adverse effects. There is a growing tendency for people to self-medicate with health supplements as they are generally considered safe, however clinical studies relating to their efficacy and safety are limited. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to synthesise the available evidence relating to the treatment of allergic rhinitis with a variety of health supplements. A total of 57 062 articles were derived from searching seven online databases and evidence from 48 RCTs and 10 observational studies were reviewed for methodological quality and risk of bias. No qualitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria could be found, therefore only a quantitative review was performed. Promising evidence for the following single supplements were found: apple polyphenols, tomato extract, spirulina, chlorophyll c2, honey, conjugated linoleic acid, MSM, isoquercitrin, vitamins C, D and E, as well as probiotics. Combination formulas may also be beneficial, particularly specific probiotic complexes, a mixture of vitamin D3, quercetin and Perilla frutescens, as well as the combination of vitamin D3 and L. reuteri. Owing to the paucity of good quality evidence, recommendations pertaining to the use of health supplements for allergic rhinitis should involve a shared decision-making process between the healthcare provider and the patient, taking into account their efficacy, safety and cost. Further good quality clinical studies and qualitative research would further our understanding of the role these health supplements may play in future treatment protocols.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases until November 8, 2005; bibliographies of located articles; manufacturers of commercially available preparations; and experts in the field. STUDY SELECTION: We only included double-blind randomized clinical trials (RCTs), which tested a herbal medicine against placebo or active comparator, in patients with AR, and evaluated clinically relevant outcomes. Study selection, data extraction, and evaluation of methodological quality were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion and by seeking the opinion of the third reviewer. Meta-analysis was only performed if data were considered suitable for pooling. RESULTS: Sixteen eligible RCTs, testing 10 different herbal products against placebo or active comparator, were included. Six RCTs studied Petasites hybridus (butterbur) extract for AR and suggest that P hybridus is superior to placebo or similarly effective compared with nonsedative antihistamines for intermittent AR. Two RCTs studied an Indian herbal combination, Aller-7, in patients with AR and reported positive results. Single RCTs were identified for 8 other herbal products as treatments for AR, reporting positive outcomes, except for grape seed extract. The median methodological quality score was 4 of a possible maximum of 5. CONCLUSIONS: There is encouraging evidence suggesting that P hybridus may be an effective herbal treatment for seasonal (intermittent) AR. However, independent replication is required before a firm conclusion can be drawn because of the financial support from the manufacturer of P hybridus extract to the 3 large trials. There are also promising results generated for other herbal products, particularly Aller-7, Tinospora cordifolia, Perilla frutescens, and several Chinese herbal medicines. Although these results are confined to the paucity of data and the small sample size, confirmation in larger and more rigorously designed clinical trials is warranted.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss, is driven by dihydrotestosterone-mediated follicular miniaturization, oxidative stress, and perifollicular inflammation, requiring multi-target intervention. Coffee pulp is an abundant coffee-processing by-product and a potential source of value-added bioactives relevant to AGA. This study investigated whether fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, or their mixed culture could remodel c

Perilla seed has long been recognized in traditional diets for its health-promoting properties, but its potential role in hair loss prevention remains underexplored. This study compared three extraction methods-maceration (MAC), screw pressing (SC), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)-to determine their efficiency in recovering bioactive compounds and their effects on androgenetic alopecia (AGA)-related pathways. The SFE extract contained the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, while MAC uniquely recovered a broader range of polyphenols. Among all extracts, SFE-derived perilla seed extract showed the most consistent biological effects, promoting proliferation o

Seed germination is recognized for enhancing the accumulation of bioactive compounds. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., commonly known as perilla seed, is rich in fatty acids that may be beneficial for anti-hair loss. This study investigated the hair regeneration potential of perilla seed extracts-non-germinated (NG-PS) and germinated in distilled water (0 ppm selenium; G0-PS), and germinated with 80 ppm selenium (G80-PS)-obtained from supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and screw compression (SC). SFE extracts exhibited significantly higher levels of polyphenols, tocopherols, and fatty acids compared to SC extracts. Among the germinated gro

The underground parts of Salvia bulleyana, a rare Chinese plant species, have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The Rhizobium rhizogenes-transformed root culture obtained from this plant might be a promising novel source of valuable phenolics, including rosmarinic acid. The present study identifies for the first time, the optimal growth conditions of S. bulleyana hairy roots regarding production efficiency. The comprehensive optimization comprised cultivation in different basal media (B5, SH, MS, and WP) with full- and half-strength macro- and microelements, different vitamin contents (full, half, one-quarter part, and without) and sucrose concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5%), and under different light conditions: in dark, under blue LED (λ = 430 nm), red LED (λ = 670 nm), mixed blue and red LED (30%:70%), and white LED (390-670 nm). Hairy root growth and bioactive compound accumulation were also detailed every five days over the 50-day culture cycle. The optimal conditions were determined using a technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). The most efficient combination for root growth and polyphenol content was found to be ½SH liquid medium with half vitamin concentration and 3% sucrose when grown in the dark. The biomass yield during the growth cycle was 6.1 g (fresh weight-FW) and 0.92 g (dry weight-DW) on one Erlenmeyer flask: a 14.3-fold increase in FW and 16.1-fold increase in DW in relation to the inoculum. The highest mean total phenolic content was 93.6 mg/g DW including about 70 mg/g DW rosmarinic acid, reached on day 40 of culture; compared to roots of two-year-old plants grown under field co

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens. Different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CNKI, Agricola, Scifinder, Embase, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science, were searched to present the best review. In this review, we clearly represent the active constituents responsible for each and every pharmacological activity, plausible mechanism of action, and maximum inhibitory concentrations, as well as IC50 values. Approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, quinines, phenylpropanoids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, polycosanols, tocopherols, and sitosterols, have been reported in the leaves, seeds, roots, and aerial parts of P. frutescens. The bioactive constituents of P. frutescens exhibited different enzyme-inhibition properties, including antihyaluronidase effects and aldose reductase inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. P. frutescens showed strong anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-spasmodic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, the active constituents of P. frutescens used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), prevention of hyperuricemia in gout patients, hyper pigmentation, allergic conditions

BACKGROUND: Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HC) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Asia for the treatment of patients with alopecia, usually in combination with other two herbal medicines (Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFVA) and green tea (GT)). However, the effect of this herbal complex has not been clearly demonstrated. We sought to determine the hair growth-promoting effect of this herbal complex (HC, PFVA, and GT) in the animal model. METHODS: Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (negative control, finasteride (1 mg/kg) as a positive control, and two (200 and 400 mg/kg) concentrations of the herbal complex as experimental groups) and were fed its corresponding medications orally for 25 days. Hair growth was evaluated visually and microscopically. Western blot analysis for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and transf

This study investigated the potential hair regrowth effects associated with a plant extract of Perilla frutescens, which was selected due to its putative hair regrowth activity. Extracts were prepared from dried P. frutescens suspended in distilled water, where the resultant aqueous suspension was fractionated sequentially using hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water. We observed that the n-butanol fraction resulted in the highest hair regrowth activity. The n-butanol soluble fraction of P. frutescens extract (BFPE) was further separated using AB-8 macroporous resin and silica gel chromatography to obtain rosmarinic acid (RA), which demonstrated effective hair growth regeneration potential. BFPE also showed in vivo anti-androgenic activity following the use of a hair growth assay in testosterone-sensitive male C57Bl/6NCrSlc mice. Furthermore, the effects of cell viability promotion were investigated

The use of plants is as old as the mankind. Natural products are cheap and claimed to be safe. They are also suitable raw material for production of new synthetic agents. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.) is a common household plant grown in many parts of the world. It is used for flavouring food, a beverage drink, as well as in cosmetics; in folk.medicine it is used as an antispasmodic in renal colic and dysmenorrhoea, in relieving respiratory disorders and to stimulate growth of hair. Extract of rosemary relaxes smooth muscles of trachea and intestine, and has choleretic, hepatoprotective and antitumerogenic activity. The most important constituents of rosemary are caffeic acid and its derivatives such as rosmarinic acid. These compounds have antioxidant effect. The phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, obtains one of its phenolic rings from phenylalanine via caffeic acid and the other from tyrosine via dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid. Relatively large-scale production of rosmarinic acid can be obtained from the cell culture of Coleus blumei Benth when supplied exogenously with phenylalanine and tyrosine. Rosmarinic acid is well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and from the skin. It increases the production of prostaglandin E2 and reduces the production of leukotriene B4 in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and inhibits the complement system. It is concluded that rosemary and its constituents especially caffeic acid derivatives such as rosmarinic acid have a therapeutic potential in treatment or prevention of bronchial asthma, spasmogenic disorders, peptic ulcer, inflammatory diseases, hepatotoxicity, atherosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease, cataract, cancer and poor sperm motility.