Rhodiola (Endurance)

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effects of four days of Rhodiola Rosea (RR) supplementation on bench-press and bench-pull exercises under resting or mental fatigue conditions in young healthy individuals. Methods: Eighteen participants (seven women) visited the laboratory on five occasions separated by 7 days-one preliminary session and four experimental sessions. In the preliminary session, participants were familiarised with the Stroop and Multiple Object Tracking tests, after which their one-repetition maximum loads for bench presses and bench pulls were determined. The four experimental sessions had the same protocol, differing only in the supplement (RR or placebo) and mental task conditions (Stroop test or control video). Participants were assigned randomly and counterbalanced to each experimental condition: (I) RR and Stroop test, (II) RR and control video, (III) placebo and Stroop test, and (IV) placebo and control video. Results: The main findings indicate that RR supplementation has trivial-to-small effects in terms of mental fatigue, visuo-cognitive processing, or perceived exertion. However, RR was significantly superior to placebo on strength performance in the control video condition during some sets, as it increased the number of repetitions performed in the bench press and the fastest velocity in the bench pull. Out of 52 comparisons, 17 small effect sizes were observed, with 14 favouring RR and 3 favouring placebo, with the remaining differences being trivial. Conclusions: These results suggest that short-term RR supplementation is safe and provides its main ergogenic effects on physical performance rather than in visuo-cognitive or mental outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Rhodiola rosea extract is purported to improve physical performance and support resilience to stress. Salidroside is considered to be one of the main constituents responsible for the ergogenic actions of R. rosea. However, R. rosea extract contains relatively little salidroside and cultivation of R. rosea is challenging as it is mainly found in high-altitude, cold regions. Additionally, the R. rosea plant is subject to conservation concerns because of its growing popularity. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the short-term effects of pure, biosynthetic salidroside supplementation on exercise performance, mood state, and markers of inflammation and muscle damage in healthy active young adults. METHODS: Fifty participants (30 M, 20F; 21 ± 4 yrs; 173 ± 8 cm; 74 ± 13 kg) were randomly assigned to either salidroside (60 mg/day for 16 days) or placebo supplementation and underwent peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), intermittent time-to-exhaustion (TTE), and local muscular endurance assessments, along with mood state evaluations using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Blood samples were analyzed for erythropoietin, myoglobin, creatine kinase-MM, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Salidroside supplementation enhanced overall percent predicted oxygen uptake during high-intensity intermittent exercise (p < 0.01). An increase in serum myoglobin was observed 24 hours following exercise in the placebo group (p = 0.02) compared with baseline whereas no statistically significant increase was observed for the salidroside group indicating reduced exercise-induced muscle damage. Placebo group experienced a decrease in number of intervals performed during the TTE test (p = 0.03), and a decrease in friendliness (p < 0.01) and an increase in fatigue-inertia (p < 0.01) as reported by POMS. The salidroside group exhibited stable mood states and maintained performance levels during the time-to-exhaustion test. CONCLUSION: Salidroside supplementation may enhance oxygen utilization and mitigate exercise-induced muscle damage and fatigue, warranting further research on its long-term effects and potential as an adaptogen for active individuals.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term Golden Root Extract (GRE; Rhodiola rosea) supplementation on blood lactate, catecholamines, and performance during repeated bench press exercise. Resistance-trained males (n = 10) participated in this study. In a double-blinded, crossover, counterbalanced study design, participants supplemented with either 1500 mg/day of GRE or placebo (PL; gluten-free cornstarch) for 3 days prior to experimentation. An additional 500 mg dose was ingested 30 min prior to exercise testing. During each exercise trial, participants completed 2 repetitions of bench press at 75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) as explosively as possible. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean concentric velocity. After 5 min of rest, participants completed 3 sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% 1RM separated by 2 min of rest between each set. A capillary blood sample was obtained pre- (PRE) and immediately post- (POST) exercise to measure blood concentrations lactate (LA), epinephrine (EPI), and norepinephrine (NE). Mean concentric velocity was significantly higher with GRE when compared to PL (p = 0.046). However, total RTF were significantly lower with GRE versus PL (p < 0.001). Regardless of treatment, LA was significantly higher Post versus Pre (p < 0.001), but GRE resulted in greater Post values compared to PL (p = 0.049). EPI and NE increased in both conditions Pre to Post (p < 0.001). However, Pre NE was significantly higher with GRE versus PL (p = 0.008). Findings indicate that short-term GRE supplementation increases mean bench press velocity but decreases bench press repetition volume. Furthermore, GRE resulted in higher NE levels and blood lactate following exercise. Thus, supplementing with GRE may enhance explosive resistance training performance but may also impair upper body strength-endurance.

The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether the supplementation with Rhodiola rosea (RR), an herb that has been used for centuries for its various properties, can have an effect on muscle damage and physical performance. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used to find studies published until March 2023. Randomized controlled trials, healthy participants, and no use of other supplements. The search strategy was conducted by two independent reviewers, and specific information was extracted from the selected studies. Thirteen studies were included with 263 participants (198 men and 65 women between 18 and 65 years old). Two studies followed acute supplementation, 5 chronic, and 6 combined both. The results were heterogenous, having 11 studies with some positive effects, while 2 studies show no effect in variables such as rating of perceive exertion, heart rate, antioxidant capacity, blood lactate, creatine kinase, or C-reactive protein. Two limitations were found, firstly, the difference between supplementation and exercise protocols, and secondly, the existence of unclear or high risk of bias in most of the studies included. Acute supplementation with RR has a positive effect on endurance performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Chronic supplementation has a positive effect on anaerobic exercise performance, but not endurance exercise performance. Chronic supplementation may positively impact muscle damage during exercise. However, more high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of RR. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Adaptogens are synthetic compounds (bromantane, levamisole, aphobazole, bemethyl, etc.) or plant extracts that have the ability to enhance the body's stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption. Extracts from Panax ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, and Schisandra chinensis are considered to be naturally occurring adaptogens and, in particular, plant adaptogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of plant adaptogens in the past and now, as well as to outline the prospects of their future applications. The use of natural adaptogens by humans has a rich history-they are used in recovery from illness, physical weakness, memory impairment, and other conditions. About 50 years ago, plant adaptogens were first used in professional sports due to their high potential to increase the body's resistance to stress and to improve physical endurance. Although now many people take plant adaptogens, the clinical trials on human are limited. The data from the meta-analysis showed that plant adaptogens could provide a number of benefits in the treatment of chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and immune protection. In the future, there is great potential to register medicinal products that contain plant adaptogens for therapeutic purposes.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Adaptogens are plant-derived substances that enhance the body's resilience to physical and psychological stress, with Withania somnifera and Rhodiola rosea being among the most studied representatives. The aim of this review is to evaluate the adaptogenic effects of W. somnifera and R. rosea based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). REVIEW METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using the key words: 'ashwagandha', 'Withania somnifera', 'Rhodiola rosea', and 'plant adaptogen'. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria - 19 on W. somnifera and 5 on R. rosea. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: The analyzed trials involved 10-590 participants, aged 18-75 years, both healthy individuals and patients with stress-related or functional disorders. Interventions included standardized extracts at daily doses of 120-1000 mg for W. somnifera and 290-1500 mg for R. rosea, with supplementation lasting 3-16 weeks. Reported benefits included reduction of stress and anxiety, alleviation of depressive symptoms, improved sleep quality, enhancement of cognitive functions, increased muscle strength and recovery, and favourable hormonal changes. Methodological heterogeneity, short intervention periods, and small sample sizes remain limitations. SUMMARY: Evidence from RCTs confirms that W. somnifera and R. rosea exert multi-dimensional adaptogenic effects, improving psychophysical health and supporting stress resilience. Their mechanisms involve regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmission, immune and hormonal pathways. Further long-term, high-quality clinical trials, supplemented with molecular and systemic approaches, are required to consolidate their role in integrative, evidence-based medicine.

Objectives: To determine whether four weeks of Rhodiola rosea (RHO) supplementation improves intermittent exercise performance, post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, and decision-making under fatigue in competitive football players. Methods: Twenty-four male competitive football players completed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention (RHO vs. placebo). Outcomes included Yo-Yo IR2, repeated-sprint ability (RSA), post-RSA blood lactate (0, 3, 5 min), football-specific technical tests (passing and shooting), a video-based decision-making task (reaction time and accuracy), GPS-derived match running metrics, countermovement jump (CMJ), foot tapping (TAP), and haematological markers. Results: Yo-Yo IR2 performance significantly improved in the RHO group (p = 0.012) and was superior to the placebo group (p = 0.046). For RSA, mean sprint time improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention in the RHO group (p = 0.017), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Post-intervention, mean sprint time was significantly better in RHO than placebo (p = 0.041), with no between-group difference observed at baseline. Best sprint time showed no between-group difference (p = 0.723). Post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower in RHO than placebo at 0, 3, and 5 min (all p < 0.05). Under fatigue, the RHO group demonstrated faster reaction time (p = 0.042) and higher decision accuracy (p = 0.049) than placebo. Additionally, the RHO group showed significant pre- to post-intervention improvements in passing and shooting performance (p < 0.05), with between-group differences observed only for short-pass performance. Match total and high-speed running distances were higher in RHO, accompanied by increases in haemoglobin and haematocrit (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Four weeks of Rhodiola rosea supplementation enhanced high-intensity intermittent performance and decision-making under fatigue, with findings suggesting improved performance maintenance rather than increased peak sprint capacity.

Background: Rhodiola rosea (RR) is marketed as an adaptogen; however, evidence for acute/short-term effects-and especially dose-response effects-in trained adults across performance and cognition is limited. Objective: Test whether RR improves resistance performance (strength, power) and executive function in resistance-trained adults using a randomized crossover with placebo and a capsule-free baseline. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with four conditions-no-capsule control (CON), placebo (PL), low-dose RR (LDRR), and high-dose RR (HDRR). Twenty-seven resistance-trained adults completed the conditions. Day-7 testing included bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) 1-repetition maximum (1RM); a third set to failure at 60% 1RM with set-3 volume; Tendo mean/peak power; a 30 s Wingate; and the Stroop Color-Word Test. Secondary endpoints were Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Readiness to perform using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and hemodynamics. Results: Versus CON, LDRR increased BP 1RM (+5.59 kg; p = 0.003), set-3 repetitions (+4.30; p < 0.001), set-3 volume (+168.6 kg; p < 0.001), and mean power (+29.7 W; p = 0.026). HDRR increased set-3 repetitions (+2.78; p = 0.005) and peak power (+34.2 W; p = 0.026), with a trend for set-3 volume (p = 0.086). LP 1RM exceeded CON with LDRR (+35.7 kg; p < 0.001) and HDRR (+47.7 kg; p < 0.001); contrasts vs. PL were significant. Wingate outcomes showed no consistent effects. Stroop improved vs. CON across all sections: Word +10.5 to +17.4 counts (p < 0.05), Color +6.1 to +12.0 (p ≤ 0.03), and Color-Word +10.2 to +18.9 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Short-term RR consumption, regardless of dose or gender, improved resistance performance and significantly enhanced Stroop outcomes, with minimal changes in anaerobic cycling and RPE, and no consistent acute hemodynamic effects.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of short-term Rhodiola rosea supplementation on simulated game performance, perceived fatigue, and aerobic capacity in basketball players. Methods: A total of 48 professional male basketball players participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into a Rhodiola rosea group (RHO group, n = 24) and a Control group (CTR group, n = 24). During the experiment, the RHO group received continuous 28-day Rhodiola rosea supplementation, while the CTR group received empty capsules without being informed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software. A two-way mixed ANOVA (2 × 2) group (CTR/RHO) × time (Pre-test/Post-test) was conducted to compare differences. Results: In comparison to the CTR group, the RHO group showed significant differences in total completion time in the simulated game (p = 0.046), heart rate 60 s after the simulated game (p = 0.026), 5 km run (p = 0.027), YO-YO test (p = 0.036), VO2max (p = 0.034) and total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.044) compared to the CTR group. Within the RHO group, pre- and post-test comparisons revealed significant improvements in total completion time (p = 0.000), heart rate 30 s (p = 0.021) and 60 s (p = 0.016) after the simulated game, RPE score (p = 0.030), Countermovement jump test (p = 0.036), 5 km run (p = 0.000), YO-YO test (p = 0.000), VO2max (p = 0.000) and Superoxide Dismutase (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Short-term Rhodiola rosea supplementation can improve sprint performance and reduce perceived fatigue in basketball players during simulated games, enhance aerobic work capacity, and delay fatigue.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the impact of Rhodiola rosea (RR) supplementation on the dynamics of the accommodative response and digital eye strain (DES) symptoms following 30-min visual tasks with different levels of cognitive demand. METHODS: Eighteen young adults (mean age ± SD: 24.6 ± 4.0 years) participated in this placebo-controlled, triple-blind, balanced crossover study. Participants completed four sessions separated by 1 week in a randomised order. The sessions differed in the supplement (RR or placebo) and cognitive demand of the visual task (Stroop test or control video). The supplementation consisted of 1200 mg of RR or placebo per day for 4 days (two 300 mg capsules every 12 h) and a washout period of 3 days was allowed before the subsequent condition. The lag and variability of the accommodative response were measured at 500, 40 and 20 cm using an open-field autorefractor, and DES symptoms were assessed using a 10-item questionnaire. RESULTS: RR supplementation caused a reduction in the variability of accommodation (p = 0.007) and the perceived levels of 'Blurred vision when looking into the distance at the end of the near task' (p = 0.009). However, the lag of accommodation (p = 0.15) and the remainder of the DES symptoms were unaffected by the ingestion of RR (p > 0.05 in all cases). The reduction in the variability of accommodation after RR intake was observed at 40 and 20 cm (p-values <0.001 and 0.04, respectively), but not at far distance (500 cm, p = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that RR supplementation (1200 mg/day for 4 days) produced a reduction in the variability of accommodation and one of the assessed DES symptoms, suggesting that it could be considered as a potential strategy to prevent or manage DES. However, further research is needed to determine its clinical relevance and optimise dosage and timing. © 2025 The Author(s). Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of College of Optometrists.

BACKGROUND: Mild depression lacks a consistent definition across diagnostic criteria and rating scales, posing challenges to standardizing treatment strategies. International guidelines predominantly recommend psychotherapy as the first-line treatment for mild depression, while the use of antidepressants remains contentious. Supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, St. John's Wort, and magnesium have garnered attention as alternative therapeutic options for depression. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of pharmacological interventions, including supplements, in the treatment of mild depression. METHODS: Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed and Embase through November 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacotherapy or supplements for mild depression diagnosed using standardized criteria. Eligible studies underwent screening and risk of bias assessment utilizing the ROB2 tool. Data on remission rates, symptom improvement, dropout rates, and adverse events were extracted, with meta-analyses conducted where applicable. RESULTS: Eight RCTs comprising 1049 participants met inclusion criteria. Among the agents studied, St. John's Wort was analyzed in two trials, both comparing it to fluoxetine. A meta-analysis found no significant difference in response rates between the two treatments (risk ratio [RR] = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.78-1.18) or dropout rates (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.62-1.88). For other agents, single studies evaluated their effects. Eicosapentaenoic acid and Rhodiola rosea demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms compared to placebo. In non-blinded trials, magnesium chloride showed efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms. Other interventions, such as lavender, lemon balm, and transcranial electroacupuncture stimulation, were as effective as antidepressants. Conversely, S-adenosylmethionine did not produce significant improvements relative to placebo. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that certain supplements, such as eicosapentaenoic acids and Rhodiola rosea, are therapeutic options for mild depression. However, no RCTs compared antidepressants directly to placebo for mild depres

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of combined Rhodiola rosea (RHO) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation on lower limb explosive power and fatigue recovery in volleyball players, aiming to validate their potential synergistic effects. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was implemented involving 48 male volleyball athletes allocated into four groups: placebo (CTR), Rhodiola rosea (RHO), caffeine (CAF), and combined (RHO + CAF). Over four weeks, participants engaged in twice-weekly high-intensity lower limb resistance training, with performance evaluated through multiple tests, including two-step-approach jump height, countermovement jump (CMJ), five-jump test (5 JT), continuous 20 vertical jumps, and intermittent jump recovery alongside Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) assessments. RESULTS: Results showed that the combined supplementation (RHO + CAF) group exhibited significant improvement across multiple performance metrics. In particular, the combined group demonstrated the highest increases in jump height and the least power decline during high-frequency jumps, outperforming the CTR and other supplementation groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, RHO + CAF supplementation significantly lowered RPE scores, particularly in the final week of training, indicating improved perceived fatigue and recovery. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that combining RHO and CAF optimizes high-intensity performance by enhancing explosive power, reducing fatigue, and improving recovery, presenting an effective nutritional strategy for volleyball athletes.

Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by a variety of cyclical symptoms with a great impact on their lifestyle. Available pharmacological options include both antidepressants and oral contraceptives, both of which have side effects, are expensive and not always effective. Vitamins, minerals and plant extracts have been proven to alleviate the symptomatology of the premenstrual syndrome. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a commercial phytotherapeutic dietary supplement (PREMEN-CALM®: γ-aminobutyric acid, Rhodiola rosea L., Vitex agnus-castus, vitamin B6 and melatonin) as an alternative treatment for this condition. A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study was performed. Participants (n = 42) were assessed before and after 3 months of taking the supplement (n = 21) or the placebo (n = 21). Outcome measures include antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers, body composition, subjective sleep quality, mood state profile, quality of life, and certain characteristics of the menstrual cycle. The within-group analysis revealed a significant improvement in the total antioxidant status (1.49 ± 0.34 vs reference value 1, p = 0.002), mood state profile (p = 0.02), and affective symptoms (p = 0.01) in the women receiving the commercial phytotherapeutic dietary supplement PREMEN-CALM®. On the contrary, the between-group analysis showed no statistical differences, suggesting a plausible placebo effect. The phytotherapeutic supplement PREMEN-CALM® might be effective in treating or alleviating the symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome without adverse events. Integrative medicine approaches in the clinical practice may help improve the health of women suffering from this and other gynecological conditions.

INTRODUCTION: Supplementation with Rhodiola Rosea (RR) and Cordyceps Sinensis (CS) has been shown to improve aerobic performance, but their influence on concurrent training (resistance training plus high intensity interval training) outcomes has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) containing RR and CS during a 14-week training and testing program on body composition, weekly exercise training outcomes, overall training and performance outcomes, and hormone profiles. METHODS: Active college-aged men (N = 21) were stratified into either a MIPS or a placebo (PLA) group. Both groups completed 14 weeks of training and testing. Body composition, overall training outcomes, and blood sample collection occurred at weeks 0, 7, and 14, while training performance was evaluated weekly. RESULTS: Both groups improved (p < 0.05) percent body fat (-1.3%), bench press (+4%) and squat strength (+8%), with no difference between groups. Serum cortisol concentrations significantly decreased (-11%) but there were no differences between groups. No other changes in blood hormone profiles occurred. Weekly exercise performance data suggests that MIPS improved sprint performance, bench press lifting volume, and total workload, but this did not lead to improved overall training performance compared to PLA over the14-week study. CONCLUSION: Despite MIPS improving certain aspects of weekly training performance, supplementation with MIPS for 14 weeks did not improve body composition, overall training and performance outcomes, or blood biomarkers of health in response to concurrent training in young men compared to PLA. This study was registered with clinicaltrials. gov (NCT02383017).

The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of an herbal supplement containing a 70:30 blend of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract and Rhodiola rosea extract, respectively, on performance fatigability and the affective responses prior to and following exercise. Thirty men (age = 22.3 ± 4.1 years) volunteered for this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Following familiarization, participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions where they consumed one 350 mg dose, a 175 mg dose of the supplement plus 175 mg of maltodextrin, or a placebo. Participants completed feeling, arousal, and mood surveys at supplement ingestion and following testing. Ninety minutes following ingestion, participants performed five sets of 30 maximal, concentric, leg extension muscle actions at 180°/sec, with one minute of rest between sets. Peak torque, average torque, and total work were calculated for each set, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after each set. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance and intent-to-treat approach. For the performance variables, there was no interaction (p ≥ 0.317) or treatment effect (p ≥ 0.660), however, all torque variables decreased across sets and plateaued at sets 4-5, whereas RPE increased across sets (p < 0.001). For the affective responses, there was no interaction (p ≥ 0.781) or treatment effect (p ≥ 0.314); however, participants felt better, had an improved mood, and felt more aroused following testing (p < 0.047). This combination of herbal extracts likely does not acutely influence performance fatigability during high-intensity, repeated muscle actions.

Rhodiola crenulata (R) and Cordyceps sinensis (C) are commonly used herbs that promote health in traditional Chinese medicine. These two herbs have also been shown to exhibit anti-inflammation and antioxidant functions. Regular endurance training reveals potent endurance capacity, body composition improvement, and metabolic-related biomarker benefits. However, it is not known whether the combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Cordyceps sinensis (RC) supplementation during endurance training provides additive health benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week endurance training plus RC supplementation on body composition, oxidative stress, and metabolic biomarkers in young sedentary adults. METHODS: Fourteen young sedentary adults (8M/6F) participated in this double-blind randomized controlled study. Participants were assigned to exercise training with placebo groups (PLA, n = 7, 4M/3F; age: 21.4 ± 0.4 years) and exercise training with the RC group (RC, 20 mg/kg/day; n = 7, 4M/3F; age: 21.7 ± 0.4 years). Both groups received identical exercise training for eight weeks. The body composition, circulating oxidative stress, and blood metabolic biomarkers were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. RESULTS: Improvement in body composition profiles were significantly greater in the RC group (body weight: p = 0.044, BMI: p = 0.003, upper extremity fat mass: p = 0.032, lower extremity muscle mass: p = 0.029, trunk fat mass: p = 0.011) compared to the PLA group after training. The blood lipid profile and systemic oxidative stress makers (thiobarbituric reactive substanceand total antioxidant capacity) did not differ between groups. Although endurance training markedly improved endurance capacity and glycemic control ability (i.e., fast blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA index), there were no differences in these variables between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary investigation, we demonstrated that an 8-week RC supplementation (20 mg/kg/day) faintly enhanced endurance training-induced positive adaptations in body composition in young sedentary individuals, whereas the blood lipid profile and systemic oxidative stress st