생강 (메스꺼움)

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a prevalent and distressing side effect. Historically, ginger has been explored as a potential remedy for various ailments, including its potential efficacy against CINV. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether taking ginger supplements can relieve CINV. METHOD: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Wanfang database. Randomized controlled trials meeting our inclusion criteria were analyzed. The primary outcomes were the incidence and severity of CINV. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO, and the number is CRD4202232104. RESULT: Of the 35 randomized controlled trials analyzed, 22 trials employed ginger capsules as the primary intervention, whereas 13 studies evaluated the prophylactic effects of ginger-partitioned moxibustion. The outcomes indicated that combining ginger capsules with standard antiemetic agents can significantly reduce the incidence of grade 3 acute nausea (Risk Ratio [RR], 0.19; P < .001) and the incidence of high-grade overall vomiting (RR, 0.47; P = .01). Moreover, ginger-partitioned moxibustion can significantly alleviate the incidence of both mild (RR, 0.56; P = .001) and severe (RR, 0.39; P < .00001) vomiting. Only 2.8% of patients experienced dizziness after ginger-partitioned moxibustion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that ginger capsules, when used alongside antiemetic drugs, enhance the management of severe CINV, particularly in highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on our findings, we recommend initiating ginger supplements before chemotherapy, in conjunction with standard antiemetics, to reduce the severity of CINV. The promising results warrant more rigorous clinical trials to firmly establish the role of ginger in CINV management.

Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of chemotherapy. They must be managed because they can increase the risk of malnutrition in patients, which can adversely affect treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger supplementation as an adjuvant treatment for alleviating chemo We checked. therapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This study searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to ginger supplement intake for CINV in three electronic databases (i.e., Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science). The search period ranged from each database's first date of service to 5 November 2021. Two investigators independently performed abstract screenings, full-text screenings, data extraction, and risk of bias analyses (ROB). The Cochrane ROB tool was used for the assessment of ROB. This study systematically reviewed 23 RCTs. The effects of ginger supplementation were compared to those of placebo or antiemetic agents. This study conducted a meta-analysis after classifying the effects of ginger supplementation on acute and delayed CINV into subgroups due to the clinical heterogeneity between these RCTs. The results showed that the incidence of acute nausea (p = 0.53), the incidence of delayed nausea (p = 0.31), the incidence of acute vomiting (p = 0.09), and the incidence of delayed vomiting (p = 0.89) were not significantly different between the ginger supplement intake group and the control group. However, it was found that the ginger supplement intake group, which took not more than 1 g of ginger supplementation per day for above four days, had significantly less acute vomiting than the control group (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.79; p = 0.02; I2 = 36%). Ginger supplementation may reduce the incidence of acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting. However, this study could not confirm the effects of ginger supplementation on the incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and delayed vomiting. Therefore, it will be necessary to conduct additional studies with sufficient sample sizes using high-quality RCTs to evaluate the effects of ginger supplementations based on the results of this study.

BACKGROUND: Many women express concern about their ability to produce enough milk, and insufficient milk is frequently cited as the reason for supplementation and early termination of breastfeeding. When addressing this concern, it is important first to consider the influence of maternal and neonatal health, infant suck, proper latch, and feeding frequency on milk production, and that steps be taken to correct or compensate for any contributing issues. Oral galactagogues are substances that stimulate milk production. They may be pharmacological or non-pharmacological (natural). Natural galactagogues are usually botanical or other food agents. The choice between pharmacological or natural galactagogues is often influenced by familiarity and local customs. Evidence for the possible benefits and harms of galactagogues is important for making an informed decision on their use. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of oral galactagogues for increasing milk production in non-hospitalised breastfeeding mother-term infant pairs. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), Health Research and Development Network - Phillippines (HERDIN), Natural Products Alert (Napralert), the personal reference collection of author LM, and reference lists of retrieved studies (4 November 2019). SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (including published abstracts) comparing oral galactagogues with placebo, no treatment, or another oral galactagogue in mothers breastfeeding healthy term infants. We also included cluster-randomised trials but excluded cross-over trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth methods for data collection and analysis. Two to four review authors independently selected the studies, assessed the risk of bias, extracted data for analysis and checked accuracy. Where necessary, we contacted the study authors for clarification. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-one RCTs involving 3005 mothers and 3006 infants from at least 17 countries met th

INTRODUCTION: Nausea and vomiting (NV) affect up to 85% of pregnant women, which has multiple effects on pregnancy outcome. The truth etiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is still unknown. Considering the potential teratogenic effect in fetus due to chemical drugs, ginger can be used to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Reports have shown that ginger can reduce the severity of NV, however, these results are controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to explore the effect of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy compared with placebo and vitamin B6. METHODS: The randomized control trials (RCTs) on the association with ginger and pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting were searched and identified in two databases Web of Science and PubMed (up to April 2019). Stata software was used to conduct meta-analysis. In addition, the source of heterogeneity explored by metaregression, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analyses, the publication bias were assessed by Egger's tests and Funnel plot, p < .05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 1174 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The result demonstrated that ginger intervention has significant effect in improving general symptom of NVP [OR = 7.475, 95% CI = (4.133, 13.520), I2 = 30.1%], relieving severity of nausea [SMD = 0.821, 95% CI = (0.585, 1.056), I2 = 38.9%], but not significant in reducing vomiting [SMD = 0.549, 95% CI = (-0.268, 1.365), I2 = 91.4%], compared with placebo. Besides, ginger intervention has no significant effect on improving general symptom of NVP [OR = 1.239, 95% CI = (0.495, 3.102), I2 = 57.3%], relieving severity of nausea [SMD = 0.199, 95% CI = (-0.102, 0.500), I2 = 65.7%], reducing vomiting [SMD = 0.331, 95% CI = (-0.145, 0.808), I2 = 85.9%], compared with vitamin B6. CONCLUSIONS: Ginger supplementation significantly relieve general NVP symptom and nausea compared with placebo, but no significant effect on vomiting. Moreover, ginger is more effective than vitamin B6 in treating NVP, although, there were no significant differences. Further, rigidly designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to ve

BACKGROUND: Ginger has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review with meta-analyses is to evaluate, in adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, the effects of ginger supplementation dose and duration on the incidence, duration, and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and outcomes related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (eg, quality of life and fatigue), compared with placebo or standard antiemetic medication. METHOD: Five electronic databases were searched from database inception to April 2018. The quality of evidence was appraised with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation level. Data were pooled using Revman software. RESULTS: Eighteen articles were analyzed. The likelihood of acute vomiting was reduced by 60% with ginger supplementation ≤1 g/day for duration >3 days, compared with control groups (odds ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.81; P=0.01; n=3 studies; n=3 interventions; n=301 participants; I2=20%; Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation level: Moderate). The likelihood of fatigue was reduced by 80% with ginger supplementation of any dose for duration <3 days (odds ratio 0.2, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.87; P=0.03; n=1 studies; n=2 interventions; n=219 participants; I2=0%; Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation level: Low). No statistically significant association was found between ginger and likelihood of overall or delayed vomiting, likelihood or severity of nausea, or other outcomes related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: Ginger supplementation might benefit chemotherapy-induced vomiting as well as fatigue. Due to clinical heterogeneity, this systematic review update found no association between ginger and chemotherapy-induced nausea and other chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting-related outcomes. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis provide a rationale for further research with stronger study designs, adequate sample sizes, standardized ginger products, and validated outcome m

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses represent the uppermost ladders in the hierarchy of evidence. Systematic reviews/meta-analyses suggest preliminary or satisfactory clinical evidence for agnus castus (Vitex agnus castus) for premenstrual complaints, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) for hypertension, feverfew (Tanacetum partenium) for migraine prevention, ginger (Zingiber officinalis) for pregnancy-induced nausea, ginseng (Panax ginseng) for improving fasting glucose levels as well as phytoestrogens and St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the relief of some symptoms in menopause. However, firm conclusions of efficacy cannot be generally drawn. On the other hand, inconclusive evidence of efficacy or contradictory results have been reported for Aloe vera in the treatment of psoriasis, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in cystitis prevention, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) for tinnitus and intermittent claudication, echinacea (Echinacea spp.) for the prevention of common cold and pomegranate (Punica granatum) for the prevention/treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A critical evaluation of the clinical data regarding the adverse effects has shown that herbal remedies are generally better tolerated than synthetic medications. Nevertheless, potentially serious adverse events, including herb-drug interactions, have been described. This suggests the need to be vigilant when using herbal remedies, particularly in specific conditions, such as during pregnancy and in the paediatric population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reactions are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Jianpi Yiwei granules (JPYW), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate these symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 136 NSCLC patients scheduled for carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment group (JPYW with standard antiemetic drugs) and the control group (placebo with standard antiemetic drugs). The complete control rate of nausea and vomiting was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and patient diaries. Control of anorexia, bloating, constipation, and quality of life was measured using the Functional Living Index-Emesis scale and the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). RESULTS: The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of JPYW in alleviating non-vomiting digestive symptoms, such as nausea and anorexia, in NSCLC patients receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy. The secondary objective was to evaluate its effect on improving bloating, constipation, quality of life, and safety. DISCUSSION: Previous studies have shown that Chinese herbs, such as ginger, are effective in treating chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). JPYW, a multi-component TCM formula, contains active compounds from Codonopsis pilosula and Atractylodes macrocephala. JPYW exerts anti-inflammatory and prokinetic effects that can synergistically regulate gastrointestinal functions. Preliminary observations confirmed the safety of JPYW combined with standard chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The current findings contribute to the treatment of adverse reactions to tumor chemotherapy and are expected to improve the quality of life for chemotherapy patients.

PURPOSE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a group of symptoms that develop in patients within 24 hours after surgical intervention and are undesirable outcomes complicating patients' postoperative recovery. The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of ginger and peppermint essential oil inhalation for PONV in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. DESIGN: Our study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. METHODS: Participants consisted of patients who underwent thyroidectomy surgery at Bezmialem Vakif University General Surgery Clinic between February 2021 and August 2022. The subjects were first divided randomly into three groups: a ginger group, a peppermint group, and a routine care group. Patients' pain, nausea, and vomiting severity were measured at 2, 6, and 24 hours. Patients' outcome was assessed using the visual analog scale and the Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index. FINDINGS: Significantly lower pain and nausea severity was found in the ginger group compared with the control group. Similarly, the peppermint group also showed significantly lower pain and nausea severity compared with the control group. Rhodes 1 item score was 0.48 ± 0.51 in the ginger group, 1.11 ± 0.64 in the peppermint group, and 1.37 ± 0.49 in the control group (P < .001). These findings suggest that both ginger and peppermint essential oils are effective in alleviating PONV symptoms, with each group showing significant improvement compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results support that ginger and mint might have a positive effect if used to improve postoperative recovery quality. This nursing intervention is recommended to prevent and minimize the PONV occurrence and is made of ginger and mint.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine whether aromatherapy with peppermint (Mentha piperita Mitcham), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) reduces the severity of nausea in patients experiencing postoperative nausea after oral surgery under general anaesthesia. DESIGN: Single-centre, stratified (volatile inhaled anaesthetics used or not and sex, with balanced randomization), single-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in Japan. SETTING: Hokkaido University Hospital. INTERVENTIONS: Totally, 182 patients were randomized into two groups of aromatherapy: aroma group comprising three essential oils-peppermint, ginger, and lavender-each diluted to 1 % (each dose as pure essential oil was 0.01 ml) and control group with purified water only. Of these, 32 patients in the aroma group and 25 in the control group complained of postoperative nausea and were treated with intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in nausea severity at the onset of postoperative nausea. RESULTS: Nausea severity before the intervention did not differ between groups. Aromatherapy significantly reduced nausea severity (p < 0.001). The percentages of antiemetics used were 30.77 % and 52.38 % in the aroma and control groups, respectively, with no significant difference. The aroma group showed significantly higher satisfaction (p < 0.001). No adverse events were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that aromatherapy with peppermint, ginger, and lavender significantly improved patient satisfaction and severity of postoperative nausea after oral surgery under general anaesthesia. Therefore, given the benefits of aromatherapy, it would be advantageous to consider a combination of measures that include aromatherapy, as one of the multimodal antiemetic measures. This trial was registered at the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs: 01121002).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Common postoperative symptoms are known to impede recovery, indicating the necessity for non-pharmacological alternatives to address these symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an aromatic solution prepared from lavender and ginger oil on sore throat, thirst, and nausea-vomiting after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial used an experimental, double-blind randomised controlled group design with three arms. It was conducted between 2021 and 2023 in the urology department of a hospital, involving 110 patients (37 experimental, 37 placebo, 36 control) who underwent PNL. A personal information form, a visual analogue scale (VAS) for sore throat and thirst, and a verbal descriptive scale (VDS) for nausea and vomiting were used. The prepared aromatic solution was applied as a mouth spray at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h postoperatively. RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in sore throat scores was observed in the experimental group compared to the placebo and control groups following the intervention. Thirst levels decreased in both the placebo and experimental groups, with the experimental group showing lower thirst scores than the other groups. Additionally, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in nausea and vomiting scores compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: This study found that the aromatic solution had beneficial effects on sore throat, thirst, and nausea-vomiting in the postoperative period. To our knowledge, this is among the first studies exploring combined effects of lavender and ginger oils on postoperative symptoms after PNL surgery, potentially offering new insights to the literature. CLINICALTRIALS GOV ID: NCT05522023.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It was aimed to investigate the effects of massage with or without aromatherapy given to patients after colorectal cancer surgery on symptom management in the first three postoperative days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out with a pretest-posttest randomized controlled design. The study included the aromatherapy massage group (AG; n = 30), the classical massage group (MG; n = 30), and one control group (CG; n = 30). A blend of sweet almond oil, lavender, chamomile, and ginger oil was used in AG. Massage was applied to the foot area, and 20 min of classical massage was performed. Before the pretest, the participants were blinded by not informing them about their group allocations. The analyses were carried out using parametric methods. RESULTS: Postoperative pain varied significantly over time in all three groups (AG: p = 0.007; η2 = 0.150/MG: p = 0.008; η2 = 0.559/CG: p = 0.017; η2 = 0.132). Anxiety was found to differ between CG and AG and between CG and MG (p < 0.05). In all three groups, nausea-vomiting scores significantly decreased over time (AG: p = 0.002; η2 = 0.211/MG: p = 0.004; η2 = 0.164/CG: p = 0.021; η2 = 0.125). Sleep quality was significantly higher in the massage groups than in the control group only on the second postoperative day (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy massage had no significant effect on pain, fatigue, nausea, or vomiting compared to MG and CG, and sleep quality was higher in the massage groups compared to CG only on the second postoperative day. On the first three postoperative days, the post-intervention anxiety levels of AG and MG were lower than those of CG. CLINICALTRIALS: GOV.ID: NCT04810299.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the efficacy and safety of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with malignant tumors. METHODS: Patients with malignant tumors and suffering from chemotherapy were randomly divided into control group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and observation group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients of the control group were treated by orally taking ondansetron hydrochloride tablets 8 mg/time, 3 times a day for 3 d, and those of the observation group treated by ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation of Zusanli(ST36), Neiguan(PC6), Tianshu(ST25), Zhongwan(CV12) and Guanyuan(CV4) once a day for a total of 3 d, based on the treatment of the control group. The patients' gastrointestinal reaction degree after the 1st , 2nd and the 3rd day of treatment were recorded. The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score (0-100 points) was used for assessing the patients' quality of life. The TCM syndrome score (4 grades：no, mild, medium and severe, i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6 points) was given according to the patients' severity of symptoms of spleen (stomach) qi deficiency (nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension after eating, belching, loss of appetite, weakness and laziness to speak, fatigue, and loose stool). The safety of the treatment was assessed by examining the patients' blood routine, liver function and kidney function, and the adverse reactions including blisters, allergies, burns and fainting during acupuncture treatment. RESULTS: After the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment, the patients conditions of vomiting and nausea in the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The TCM syndrome score and KPS score were significantly decreased in comparison with those of pre-treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the TCM syndrome score was obviously lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the KPS score after the treatment , and in the levels of

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of ginger with P6 acupressure in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients. METHOD: A total of 172 participants were randomly divided into the control, ginger, acupressure, and joint groups, who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from February and September 2022. The baseline characteristics, nausea, vomiting, and retching, benefit finding, functional living index-emesis, treatment satisfaction, and adverse reaction, were used in data collection. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in benefit finding and adverse reactions among the four groups (P > 0.05). Ginger significantly improved delayed CINV and function living index-nausea (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on acute CINV, retching, and delayed vomiting, functional living index-emesis, and treatment satisfaction (P>0.05). Acute nausea and retching, delayed nausea, vomiting, and retching, functional living index-emesis, and treatment satisfaction were effectively improved in the acupressure and joint groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ginger with P6 acupressure may contribute to improving CINV in patients undergoing chemotherapy. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del jengibre con acupresión P6 en la prevención y tratamiento de las náuseas y vómitos (nviq) inducidos por la quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer. MÉTODO: Se dividió al azar A un total de 172 participantes en los grupos control, jengibre, acupresión y conjunto, que fueron hospitalizados en el Hospital afiliado de la universidad médica Xuzhou entre febrero y septiembre de 2022. En la recolección de datos se utilizaron las características basales: náuseas, vómitos y náuseas, hallazgo de beneficios, índice de vida funcional, satisfacción con el tratamiento y reacciones adversas. RESULTADOS: No se encontró diferencia significativa en el hallazgo del beneficio y las reacciones adversas entre los cuatro grupos (P >0.05). El jengibre mejoró significativamente las nviq diferidas y el índice de vida funcional (nausea) de forma significativa (P < 0.05), pero no tuvo un efecto significativo en las nvi, las náuseas y el vómito dife

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chinese herbal medicine is increasingly used as complementary therapy to manage nausea and vomiting in different cultures. One such herbal recipe is the Hezhong granules, which contain classical antiemetic formulations, and are commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the key components of Hezhong granules, including Pinellia ternata (Thunb.), Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.), and Zingiber officinale exhibit significant antiemetic and antitumor properties. Despite this promising evidence, controlling CINV remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Moreover, there is a lack of scientifically designed clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of classical antiemetic formulas for CINV interventions. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Hezhong granules in preventing CINV in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: This study was conducted between October 2020 and February 2022 in 12 hospital wards in Southwest China. In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled patients with advanced CRC who received fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. The patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the Hezhong granule group (receiving a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and Hezhong granules) or the placebo group (receiving a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and placebo) during the first and second courses of chemotherapy. A 5-day diary was provided to all patients. Acute and delayed CINV were defined as CINV occurring within 24 h or between 24 and 120 h after the start of treatment. The primary endpoints were complete response rate (CRR, defined as the proportion of patients without nausea/vomiting) and objective response rate (ORR, defined as the proportion of patients without nausea/vomiting plus mild nausea/vomiting) for both acute and delayed CINV. Secondary endpoints were the daily rates of CINV events and Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE). To identify the predictors of CINV, we conducted multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis. This study was registered wi

OBJECTIVE: evaluate the efficacy of Zingiber Officinale in the management of nausea and vomiting induced by treatment with cisplatin associated with radiotherapy in patients with uterine cervical neoplasms. METHODS: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Interventions: Comparing the effects of ginger with institutional antiemetic therapy (ondansetron with dexamethasone). Patients with cervical cancer who started treatment with cisplatin with an indication of 40 mg/m² associated with radiotherapy, aged over 18 years, and with the ability to tolerate swallowing a capsule were recruited and equally allocated (1:1:1) into 3 groups of 16 patients each (the ginger capsules 250 mg group, ginger capsules 500 mg group, and placebo group). Nausea and vomiting were measured on baseline, 7 days after the first dose of medication and every seven consecutive days during a treatment break. RESULTS: The 250 mg ginger group had an 8.0% greater chance of experiencing nausea within 24 h after the chemotherapy infusion than the placebo group, although there is no statistical significance (P = .92986). The 500 mg ginger group showed a 63.9% reduction in nausea under the same conditions (P = .40460). No change was detected in the occurrence of nausea episodes during the 6 weeks (P = .8664) or between the groups (P = .2817). No change was detected in acute or late vomiting during the 6 weeks (P = .3510) or between the groups (P = .8500 and P = .5389, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ginger supplementation does not reduce the intensity of acute and late nausea and vomiting. REBEC (RBR-47yx6p9).

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms affect more than 80% of individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Ginger is widely known for its GI relieving properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ginger supplementation on common GI symptoms in RRMS patients. METHODS: This study was a 12-week double-blind parallel randomized controlled trial with a 3-week run-in period. The intervention (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups received 500 mg ginger and placebo (as corn) supplements 3 times a day along with main meals, respectively. At the beginning and end of the trial, the frequency and severity of constipation, dysphagia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, belching, flatulence, heartburn, anorexia, and nausea were assessed using the visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Totally, 49 participants completed the study. However, data analysis was performed on all 52 participants based on the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: In comparison with placebo, ginger supplementation resulted in significant or near-significant reductions in the frequency (-23.63 ± 5.36 vs. 14.81 ± 2.78, P < 0.001) and severity (-24.15 ± 5.10 vs. 11.39 ± 3.23, P < 0.001) of constipation, the frequency (-12.41 ± 3.75 vs. 3.75 ± 1.82, P < 0.001) and severity (-13.43 ± 4.91 vs. 6.88 ± 2.69, P = 0.001) of nausea, the frequency (-9.31 ± 4.44 vs. 1.56 ± 4.05, P = 0.098) and severity (-11.57 ± 5.09 vs. 3.97 ± 3.99, P = 0.047) of bloating, and the severity of abdominal pain (-5.69 ± 3.66 vs. 3.43 ± 3.26, P = 0.069). CONCLUSION: Ginger consumption can improve constipation, nausea, bloating, and abdominal pain in patients with RRMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) under the registration number IRCT20180818040827N3 on 06/10/2021. © 2023. The Author(s).

BACKGROUND: In traditional medicine whole plants or mixtures of plants are used rather than isolated compounds. There is evidence that crude plant extracts often have greater in vitro or/and in vivo antiplasmodial activity than isolated constituents at an equivalent dose. The aim of this paper is to review positive interactions between components of whole plant extracts, which may explain this. METHODS: Narrative review. RESULTS: There is evidence for several different types of positive interactions between different components of medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria. Pharmacodynamic synergy has been demonstrated between the Cinchona alkaloids and between various plant extracts traditionally combined. Pharmacokinetic interactions occur, for example between constituents of Artemisia annua tea so that its artemisinin is more rapidly absorbed than the pure drug. Some plant extracts may have an immunomodulatory effect as well as a direct antiplasmodial effect. Several extracts contain multidrug resistance inhibitors, although none of these has been tested clinically in malaria. Some plant constituents are added mainly to attenuate the side-effects of others, for example ginger to prevent nausea. CONCLUSIONS: More clinical research is needed on all types of interaction between plant constituents. This could include clinical trials of combinations of pure compounds (such as artemisinin + curcumin + piperine) and of combinations of herbal remedies (such as Artemisia annua leaves + Curcuma longa root + Piper nigum seeds). The former may enhance the activity of existing pharmaceutical preparations, and the latter may improve the effectiveness of existing herbal remedies for use in remote areas where modern drugs are unavailable.

Ginger has been used safely for thousands of years in cooking, and medicinally in folk and home remedies. Advanced technology enables the validation of these traditional experiences. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) has evaluated the results of the available studies, rating the reports from "suggestive" (for short-term use of Ginger for safe relief from pregnancy related nausea and vomiting), to "mixed" (when used for nausea caused by motion sickness, chemotherapy, or surgery), and to "unclear" for treating rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or joint and muscle pain). NCCAM has funded investigators to study interactions of ginger with drugs (immunosuppressants), its effect of reducing nausea in patients receiving chemotherapy, and the safety and effectiveness of its use for health purposes, as well as its impact on inflammation. Upon completion of these studies, the scope of ginger's use will be clearly identified and incorporated into mainstream therapeutic options, thereby integrating east and west, old with new, to render ginger as a true "Universal Remedy".

26. Director. 2007 Winter;15(1):46-7. Ginger: more than a great spice. Eliopoulos C.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizome) is a widespread herbal medicine mainly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, nausea and diarrhoea. In the present study we evaluated the effect of this herbal remedy on the contractions induced by electrical stimulation (EFS) or acetylcholine in the isolated rat ileum. Ginger (0.01-1000 microg/ml) inhibited both EFS- and acetylcholine-evoked contractions, being more potent in inhibiting the contractions induced by EFS. The depressant effect of ginger on EFS-induced contractions was reduced by the vanilloid receptor antagonist capsazepine (10(-5) M), but unaffected by the alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (10(-7) M), the CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A (10(-6) M), the opioid antagonist naloxone (10(-6) M) or by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (3 x 10(-4) M). Zingerone (up to 3 x 10(-4) M), one of the active ingredients of ginger, did not possess inhibitory effects. It is concluded that ginger possesses both prejunctional and postjunctional inhibitory effects on ileal contractility; the prejunctional inhibitory effect of ginger on enteric excitatory transmission could involve a capsazepine-sensible site (possibly vanilloid receptors).

Herbal medicines are now used by up to 50% of the Western population, in a substantial minority of instances for the treatment or prevention of digestive disorders. Although most indications for the use of such remedies are anecdotally or traditionally derived, controlled trials suggest some benefits for ginger in nausea and vomiting, liquorice extracts in peptic ulceration, Chinese herbal medicine in irritable bowel syndrome, opium derivatives in diarrhoea and senna, ispaghula and sterculia in constipation. Herbal preparations contain many bioactive compounds with potentially deleterious as well as beneficial effects. There is clearly a need for greater education of patients and doctors about herbal therapy, for legislation to control the quality of herbal preparations, and in particular for further randomized controlled trials to establish the value and safety of such preparations in digestive and other disorders.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) places a significant burden on the patient. Herbal agents are the most commonly complementary therapies used among the public. This study was done to determine the effect of ginger and chamomile capsules on nausea and vomiting in cases undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind and clinical trial study, 65 women with BC undergoing chemotherapy were referred to Breast Cancer Research Center, Tehran, Iran, between May 2013 to June 2014. Regimen for ginger group for 5 days before and 5 days after chemotherapy was: 2 times a day and 500 mg capsules of powdered ginger root in addition to a routine antiemetic regimen consisting of dexamethasone, metoclopramide and aprepitant (DMA) capsules. Chamomile group similarly was: 2 times a day and 500 mg capsules of Matricaria chamomilla extract in addition to a routine antiemetic regimen consisting of DMA capsules. Control group, routine antiemetic regimen consisting of DMA capsules. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the ginger, chamomile and control groups regarding age. Drugs used for chemotherapy were identical and duration of disease was also matched (1-4 months). Ginger and chamomile were both significantly effective for reducing the frequency of vomiting, there being no significant difference between the ginger and chamomile groups. Moreover, unlike the chamomile, ginger significantly influenced the frequency of nausea. CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings of this study, it should be declared that taking ginger capsules (1 g/day) might relieve CINV safely. Nurses dealing directly with cancer patients should be responsible for providing educational programs for patients and their families about how to deal with their drug regimens and associated side effects.

Nausea and vomiting are among the most serious side effects of chemotherapy, in some cases leading to treatment interruption or chemotherapy dose reduction. Ginger has long been known as an antiemetic drug, used for conditions such as motion sickness, nausea-vomiting in pregnancy, and post-operation side effects. One hundred and fifty female patients with breast cancer entered this prospective study and were randomized to receive ginger (500 mg ginger powder, twice a day for 3 days) or placebo. One hundred and nineteen patients completed the study: 57 of them received ginger and 62 received ginger for the frst 3 chemotherapy cycles. Mean age in all patients was 48.6 (25-79) years. After 1st chemotherapy, mean nausea in the ginger and control arms were 1.36 (±1.31) and 1.46 (±1.28) with no statistically significant difference. After the 2nd chemotherapy session, nausea score was slightly more in the ginger group (1.36 versus 1.32). After 3rd chemotherapy, mean nausea severity in control group was less than ginger group [1.37 (±1.14), versus 1.42 (±1.30)]. Considering all patients, nausea was slightly more severe in ginger arm. In ginger arm mean nausea score was 1.42 (±0.96) and in control arm it was 1.40 (±0.92). Mean vomiting scores after chemotherapy in ginger arm were 0.719 (±1.03), 0.68 (±1.00) and 0.77 (±1.18). In control arm, mean vomiting was 0.983 (±1.23), 1.03 (±1.22) and 1.15 (±1.27). In all sessions, ginger decreased vomiting severity from 1.4 (±1.04) to 0.71 (±0.86). None of the differences were significant. In those patients who received the AC regimen, vomiting was less severe (0.64±0.87) compared to those who received placebo (1.13±1.12), which was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Further and larger studies are needed to draw conclusions.

Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy affects up to 80% of pregnant women and may progress to hyperemesis gravidarum, leading to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological options, the comparative efficacy and safety of these interventions remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. The databases searched included CENTRAL, PubMed, and EMBASE (up to 28 May 2024). Eligible trials compared interventions with a placebo in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. The primary outcomes were symptom severity, assessed using validated tools. Safety outcomes included adverse effects. Data were pooled using frequentist pairwise and network meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the CINeMA framework. Results: Of 9844 records screened, 24 randomized controlled trials (3017 participants) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 16 intervention categories. Network analysis ranked quince, vitamin B6 with pomegranate and mint, acupressure P6, dimenhydrinate, and acupuncture combined with doxylamine-pyridoxine as the most effective interventions for reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, with considerable uncertainty and low-to-moderate quality of evidence. Reporting of adverse events was limited. Risk of bias was low to moderate. Discussion: Most interventions demonstrated significant benefit over a placebo. However, high heterogeneity and sparse reporting of adverse effects warrant caution when translating these results into clinical practice. Conclusions: This study indicates that both pharmacological (vitamin B6, metoclopramide, dimenhydrinate) and non-pharmacological (ginger, quince, acupressure, acupuncture) interventions might be effective in reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

PURPOSE: Review the literature to propose suggestions or recommendations for controlling nausea and vomiting through integrative and non-pharmacological treatments for the MASCC/ESMO 2023 update of its antiemetic guidelines. METHODS: The authors identified available systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses for 12 integrative therapies, including acupressure, acupuncture, auricular therapy, electrical stimulation of point PC6, ginger use (i.e., Zingiber officinale), guided imagery, hypnosis, inhalation aromatherapy, music therapy, food-based interventions, progressive muscle relaxation, and reflexology. Reviews were assessed for quality through the AMSTAR2 tool. A consensus committee reviewed recommendations as per MASCC/ESMO established processes. RESULTS: Thirty-nine systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were used. There were major methodological flaws for many of the trials used as the bases for the reviews. No recommendation for ingested ginger could be made because of conflicting evidence. Recommendations were possible for acupuncture/electroacupuncture treatments, food-based interventions, and progressive muscle relaxation training alone or combined with guided imagery. No recommendations could be reached for a number of food-based approaches, inhalation aromatherapy, hypnosis in adults, music therapy, and reflexology. CONCLUSION: While a limited number of suggestions are provided, there is a need for significantly higher quality trials in many of the therapeutic approaches assessed, before stronger recommendations and a wider range of approaches are made. © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the impact of nonpharmacological nursing interventions on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). DESIGN: This is a systematic review. METHODS: MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Tübitak-ULAKBİM, and TRDizin databases were searched for the following search terms, including "Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting," "Nurse," "Nursing," and "Nonpharmacological Interventions" to identify nonpharmacological nursing interventions for PONV. A systematic review of English and Turkish articles published in the period between January 1, 2012 and June 1, 2023 was conducted. The PICOT-SD method was used to determine the compatibility of the pieces with the eligibility criteria. FINDINGS: Fifty-eight of 3,874 articles obtained from databases fulfilled the eligibility criteria. This study demonstrated that acupuncture, aromatherapy, the oral intake of ginger, listening to music, education, and visits to patients decreased the incidence of nausea and vomiting and increased the quality of life. Additionally, it was found that patients' quality of life tended to improve along with reductions in postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support previous findings in the literature and demonstrate that nonpharmacological nursing interventions help reduce and prevent PONV. Based on our results, we suggest that nonpharmacological nursing interventions can be employed for the management of PONV in patients undergoing surgery.

BACKGROUND: Cancer treatment-related nausea and vomiting continue to be common and distressing symptoms for patients, despite improvements in antiemetics. Dietary modifications could potentially improve this symptom experience. Clinicians frequently provide dietary advice to patients, although the evidence base of such suggestions or recommendations is not clear. PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to examine the current literature on food interventions associated with improvements in cancer treatment-related nausea and vomiting. METHODS: Eight electronic databases were searched with a specific search term strategy covering trials without time or language limitations. Eligible studies focused on a food substance, defined as any nutritious substance that people eat or drink to maintain life and well-being. Trials in children and adults during chemotherapy or radiotherapy were included. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess trial quality and GRADE was used to assess the certainty in the effect of each outcome. RESULTS: Seventeen trials were included, 3 focusing on children and 14 on adults. Two trials included patients receiving radiation. Ten out of 17 trials (59%) had a high risk of bias. Strongest evidence with highest certainty was found for dietary counseling to meet macronutrient requirements in reducing incidence of radiotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in adults (n=2 studies; n=124 participants; GRADE level: moderate). There was also moderate certainty in the beneficial effect of protein supplementation on nausea and vomiting incidence in adults during radiotherapy (n=2 studies; n=124 participants; GRADE level: moderate). A significant positive effect on CINV incidence and/or severity in adults was also found for dietary counseling to meet macronutrient requirements during chemotherapy, a peppermint drink, scaly wood mushroom, chamomile, protein with ginger, and a colorless odorless diet (GRADE level: low to very low). CONCLUSIONS: The review identified food-based approaches that could improve the nausea and vomiting experience in patients with cancer and provide guidance to clinicians. However, confidence in these findings was low and studies

BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are widely used for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) due to the limitations of conventional medicine. However, their efficacy and safety remain controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to assess the improvement of CAM therapy on NVP. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched for where the trial group was CAM and the control group was a conventional medicine or a placebo for NVP. This was done via 8 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, SinoMed, and VIP, from inception to October 25, 2022. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of evidence. The Stata 15.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-three RCTs were included in this study. The acupuncture treatment was superior to conventional medicine at the effective rate [RR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.02, 2.86), P = 0.042; Low-quality evidence]. Ginger had more significant effects than conventional medicine at the Rhodes index [WMD = -0.52, 95% CI (-0.79, -0.24), P ≤ 0.001; Moderate-quality evidence] and it had the same effect as drugs to relieve vomiting [SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (-0.12, 0.73), P = 0.160; Low-quality evidence]. Compared with placebo, ginger had a higher effective rate [RR = 1.68, 95% CI (1.09, 2.57), P = 0.018; Low-quality evidence], and lower Visual analog scale (VAS) of Nausea [WMD = -1.21, 95% CI (-2.34, -0.08), P = 0.036; Low-quality evidence]. Ginger had the same antiemetic effect as placebo [WMD = 0.05, 95% CI (-0.23, 0.32), P = 0.743; Low-quality evidence]. Acupressure was superior to conventional medicine at the reduction of antiemetic drugs [SMD = -0.44, 95% CI (-0.77, -0.11), P = 0.008; Low-quality evidence], and at the effective rate [RR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.30, 1.86), P ≤ 0.001; Low-quality evidence]. Acupressure had the same effect as placebo at the effective rate [RR = 1.25, 95% CI (0.94, 1.65), P = 0.124; Low-quality evidence]. Overall, CAM therapy was safer than conventional medicine or a placebo. CONCLUSION: The

OBJECTIVE: to synthesize the evidence available in the literature on the effects of integrative and complementary practices in nausea and vomiting treatment in pregnant women. METHOD: a systematic review, reported according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO. The search for studies was carried out in 11 databases. To assess risk of bias in randomized clinical trials, the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) was used. RESULTS: the final sample consisted of 31 articles, divided into three categories: aromatherapy, phytotherapy and acupuncture. It was observed that aromatherapy with lemon essential oil, ginger capsules, pericardial 6 point acupressure were the interventions that proved to be effective. Less than half of studies reported adverse effects, with mild and transient symptoms predominating. Most articles were classified as "some concern" in risk of bias assessment. CONCLUSION: the three most effective interventions to control gestational nausea and vomiting were aromatherapy, herbal medicine and acupuncture, with significant results in the assessment of individual studies. OBJETIVO: sintetizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os efeitos das práticas integrativas e complementares no tratamento de náusea e vômito em gestantes. MÉTODO: revisão sistemática, relatada conforme o PRISMA e registrada no PROSPERO. A busca pelos estudos foi realizada em 11 bases/bancos de dados. Para avaliação do risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos randomizados, utilizou-se a ferramenta Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). RESULTADOS: a amostra final foi composta por 31 artigos, divididos em três categorias: aromaterapia, fitoterapia e acupuntura. Observou-se que a aromaterapia com óleo essencial de limão, cápsulas de gengibre, acupressão no ponto pericárdio 6 foram as intervenções que se provaram eficazes. Menos da metade dos estudos relatou efeitos adversos, sendo que predominaram sintomas de leve intensidade e transitórios. A maioria dos artigos foi classificada como “alguma preocupação” na avaliação do risco de viés. CONCLUSÃO: as três intervenções mais eficazes para controle de náusea e vômito gestacional foram aromaterapia, fitoterapia

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with breast cancer being the most prevalent cancer. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy. Because the current CINV treatment option has several flaws, alternative treatment options are required. Ginger has traditionally been used to treat nausea and vomiting, and it also has anticancer properties in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings, researchers investigated whether using ginger to treat CINV in breast cancer patients is both effective and safe. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang from inception to June 2022. Outcomes included Rhodes Index Scores of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching, severity and frequency of CINV. Five RCTs were included. We pooled all included data and performed subgroup analysis by types of CINV. Overall, authors found that ginger was associated with a reduction in CINV. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis revealed that managing severity of acute CINV in breast cancer patients with ginger was efficient. In terms of managing delayed CINV in breast cancer patients, ginger was also statistically significant. The authors concluded that ginger may be helpful in lowering both acute and delayed CINV in breast cancer patients. Since there were no serious side effects, ginger is thought to be safe.