Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa)

BACKGROUND: Metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, are primary drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the exacerbation of intermediate risk factors such as dysglycemia, hypertension, and central adiposity. Nigella sativa supplementation has been studied for its potential cardiometabolic benefits, but evidence from clinical trials remains inconsistent. In relation to this matter, a meta-analysis was undertaken to present a more precise evaluation of the effect of N. sativa supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic diseases. METHODS: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of pooled estimates. Primary outcomes included obesity and glycemic indices, while blood pressure outcomes were considered secondary. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of 31 trials with 2145 participants revealed significant reductions in weight (WMD: -1.59 kg; 95% CI: -3.03 to -0.15), and BMI (WMD: -0.51 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.18), SBP (WMD = -3.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.44, -2.06), and DBP (WMD = -2.75 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.62, -0.89), FBS (WMD = -18.62 mg/dL; 95% CI: -23.30, -13.95), and HbA1c (WMD = -0.56; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.33) following N. sativa supplementation. Also, N. sativa had no effect on other indices such as WC, HC, WHR, HOMA-IR, and insulin. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that N. sativa supplementation is associated with modest improvements in several cardiovascular risk factors. However, no significant effects were observed for measures of insulin resistance or central adiposity, and the findings should be interpreted cautiously given variability in study quality and outcomes. Further well-designed trials are needed to clarify its clinical relevance. © 2026 The Author(s). Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of treatments with antibacterial properties as prophylaxis prior to radiotherapy (RT), either alone or in combination with chemotherapy (CT), to prevent and reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). DATA SOURCES: A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies published in English through March 2025. REVIEW METHODS: Eligible studies assessed prophylactic antibacterial interventions aimed at preventing RIOM. RESULTS: From 86 retrieved citations, 9 articles met inclusion criteria. Antibacterial agents assessed included polymyxin, tobramycin, amphotericin (PTA), povidone iodine, SAMITAL, and Nigella sativa (NS). Evidence supporting povidone iodine, PTA, and SAMITAL was inconclusive or failed to demonstrate statistically significant reductions in RIOM severity. Several studies reported discordant findings, with statistically significant improvements in patient-reported symptoms or quality-of-life measures despite nonsignificant clinician-assessed scores. NS demonstrated potential benefits in reducing RIOM incidence and severity compared with standard of care and other antibacterial agents. CONCLUSION: The systematic review highlights limited and inconsistent evidence supporting antibacterial prophylaxis for preventing and reducing RIOM severity in patients with HNC undergoing RT. Discrepancies between patient-reported outcomes and clinical-assessed grading suggest some treatments may provide symptomatic benefit not captured by traditional scoring systems. NS mouthwashes showed preliminary promise; however, evidence remains insufficient to establish superiority, and safety and regulatory concerns are persistent, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Given the role of bacterial colonization and microbial dysbiosis in RIOM pathogenesis, larger, well-designed clinical trials with rigorous safety evaluations are warranted to investigate bacterial-directed preventive therapies. © 2026. The Author(s).

Urolithiasis, a disease of kidney stones, is a prevalent and recurrent condition characterized by the formation of hard mineral deposits in the urinary tract, leading to significant morbidity and a substantial healthcare burden worldwide. With recurrence rates ranging from 30 to 50% and a lifetime prevalence of 9-12% in industrialized populations, effective prevention and management strategies are crucial. Traditional approaches to urolithiasis, including pharmacological agents and surgical interventions, emphasize medical interventions and lifestyle changes; however, the persistent recurrence and impact on quality of life underscore the necessity for more comprehensive solutions. Recent advancements have focused on the potential of nutraceuticals, including herbal extracts, vitamins, and minerals, as adjuncts in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones. These agents may exert beneficial effects by inhibiting stone crystal formation, modulating urinary pH, reducing urinary calcium and oxalate excretion, enhancing diuresis, and supporting overall renal function. Moreover, these plant-based therapies may help alleviate symptoms such as pain and inflammation related to stone episodes. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 14 randomized controlled trials to assess the therapeutic impact and safety profile of various herbal interventions in patients with diagnosed kidney or ureteral stones. Thus, evidence from these recent clinical trials has increasingly supported the efficacy of single-herb and polyherbal formulations, such as Nigella sativa, Alhagi maurorum, Subap Plus, and Palasha Kshara, in modulating urinary risk factors and promoting stone expulsion. For instance, these trials demonstrated promising outcomes for several herbs: Portulaca oleracea significantly increased urinary citrate and reduced calcium, Traditional Persian Medicine-based Mofatet powder markedly reduced stone size and improved urinary parameters, Alhagi maurorum distillates and extracts showed comparable efficacy to hydrochlorothiazide in stone expulsion, and Nigella sativa performed as well as or better than tamsulosin in both pain relief and stone passage. Additional polyher

AIM: The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. While glycaemic control remains the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, hypoglycaemic medications are associated with side effects. Many individuals with T2DM use herbal medicines despite potential risks. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for T2DM. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched from August 2018-August 2023 for umbrella reviews, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews on herbal medicine for T2DM. The primary outcome was glycaemic control assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c); secondary outcomes included measures of insulin resistance, quality of life and adverse events. Quality assessment was performed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews Version 2 (AMSTAR 2) and certainty of evidence for the primary outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: Eight meta-analyses and two systematic reviews were included. Ginger, turmeric, and Jinlida granules significantly decreased HbA1c compared to placebo (mean differences (MD): -0.467%, -0.486%, -0.283%, respectively) with moderate to high certainty evidence. Berberis vulgaris, Gegen Qinlian decoction and pycnogenol may potentially decrease HbA1c (very low certainty evidence). Ginger, turmeric, cardamom, Berberis vulgaris, Nigella sativa, and various Chinese herbal medicines demonstrated improvements in insulin resistance measures. However, overall confidence in these findings is limited due to the low to very low quality of the included reviews. Few mild adverse effects were reported, but data was incomplete. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence supports the use of ginger and turmeric for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, however, given the high clinical heterogeneity and low quality of the review, our confidence in this finding is somewhat limited. Herbal medicines should be used only as an adjunct to conventional treatment, with shared decision-making between clinicians and patients. Careful monitoring for hypoglycaemia is essential, particularly when herbal medicines are used con

BACKGROUND: Research demonstrates that Nigella sativa (N. sativa) and its principal constituents, including thymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol, and α-hederin, possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the preclinical evidence of N. sativa in an animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. METHODS: An investigation into the role of N. sativa and its constituents in an animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma was conducted, covering the period from the beginning until July 2025, utilizing the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the 15-point CAMARADES checklist. Data analysis was performed using STATA software. RESULTS: A total of eighteen studies encompassing 502 animals, with 251 assigned to the intervention group and 251 to the ovalbumin-induced group, were subjected to analysis. The findings from the meta-analysis indicated that N. sativa and its constituents significantly reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17. Furthermore, there was a notable decrease in immunoglobulin E (IgE) following the intervention with N. sativa and its active components. However, the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) remained unchanged as a result of the intervention with N. sativa and its active ingredients. CONCLUSION: Based on current meta-analysis results, N. sativa and its constituents may have the potential to modulate the asthma model induced by ovalbumin through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct further clinical trials to assess the efficacy of N. sativa in patients diagnosed with asthma. © 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes. METHODS: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to August 2024. Study quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tools, respectively. RESULTS: Eighty-two studies, including 79 quantitative and 3 qualitative studies published between 2008 and 2024, involving 5026 participants with interventions ranging from 1 to 48 weeks and doses varying from 200 to 4600 mg/day, were included. N. sativa supplementation significantly improved body fat percentage (BF%), body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist circumference (WC), weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), quick insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), atherogenic index (AI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C ratio, TC, triglycerides (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that N. sativa could be a promising adjunct therapy for improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a highly prevalent health condition associated with low quality of life and high economic costs. Treatments from traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) are commonly used by individuals with bronchial asthma. However, a synthesis of the evidence on plant-derived medications is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to systematically summarize the evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of European/Western phytotherapy (PT) and medications from anthroposophic medicine (AM) in individuals with bronchial asthma. METHODS: Four electronic databases and additional references were screened for clinical trials published between 1990 and 2023. The findings of the included studies were qualitatively synthesized and study quality was assessed. RESULTS: Of 23 included studies, 19 examined European/Western PT and four investigated AM medications. Nine studies of sufficient quality reported beneficial effects of various plants (e.g., Nigella sativa) on asthma symptoms, pulmonary function and immunological parameters. The medications were considered safe in studies that reported on safety. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests several medications from European/Western PT and AM that may be beneficial and appear to be safe in the treatment of bronchial asthma. However, further rigorous studies are needed to provide evidence-based guidance on add-on treatment options for individuals with bronchial asthma.

BACKGROUND: Black seed is known for its health benefits in traditional medicine. While recent studies suggest it may improve cardiometabolic health, its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study aims to meta-analysis randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of black seed supplementation on cardiometabolic indices in T2DM patients. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive database search was conducted up to January 2025, and data were extracted from relevant RCTs. Mean differences (MD) and standard deviations (SD) were analyzed using a random-effects model, heterogeneity was assessed, and publication bias was evaluated. RESULTS: The pooled meta-analysis of 16 RCTs showed that black seed supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD: -21.43 mg/dL; p = 0.005), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: -0.44; p = 0.01), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: -18.80 mg/dL; p = 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: -19.53 mg/dL; p = 0.003). No significant effects were observed for 2-hour postprandial glucose (2-hpp), fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and body weight, or body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analyses revealed that black seed supplementation effectively reduced FBG for longer than 8 weeks; additionally, HbA1c, HOMA, and LDL in higher doses (>1 g/day), shorter durations (≤8 weeks), and use of the oil form. CONCLUSION: Black seed supplementation appears to significantly improve FBG, HbA1c, TC, and LDL levels in patients with T2DM. However, no significant effects were observed on other metabolic parameters, including insulin, TG, liver enzymes, kidney function, or body weight. These findings suggest that black seed may be a beneficial adjunct therapy for glycemic and lipid control in T2DM patients but require further research to confirm its broader metabolic effects.

Several meta-analyses have examined the effect of Nigella sativa (N. Sativa) supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative markers, with conflicting results. So, the current study evaluated the effect of N. Sativa on some oxidative and inflammatory parameters. The Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed databases, and Google Scholar were systemically searched to identify papers indexed before February 2023. The pooled results were calculated with the use of a random-effects model to evaluate the effects of N. Sativa on inflammatory and oxidative markers. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Overall, seven meta-analyses were included in the study. N. Sativa supplementation significantly decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.42; 95 % CI: -0.58, -0.25, p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (ES= -1.27; 95 % CI: -2.29, -0.25; p = 0.015), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -0.67; 95 % CI: -0.97, -0.36, p < 0.001) levels, and significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ES = 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.20, 0.47, p < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (ES = 50.66; 95 % CI: 34.15, 67.18, p < 0.001) levels. N. Sativa supplementation had beneficial effects on CRP, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, and TAC. Thus, N. Sativa can be recommended as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent.

BACKGROUND: Demonstrating the positive effects of Nigella sativa supplementation (Nigella spp) on Allergic Rhinitis (AR) treatment is challenging. To investigate the role of Nigella spp in managing AR, a comprehensive review through systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted. PURPOSE: To carry out a meta-analysis of clinical trials that used Nigella spp in treating AR based on current data. STUDY DESIGN: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. METHODS: Various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Springer Link and the Cochrane Library, were searched until October 2023 to obtain RCTs assessing impact of Nigella spp in the control of AR. The current meta-analysis was carried out with a random-effects model. RESULTS: There were 8 studies enrolled, and our meta-analysis findings revealed that, relative to the control group, observation group exhibited the markedly increased total effective rate for allergic rhinitis treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 4.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] (2.57, 7.27), and p < 0.00001); three studies showed that the effect of Nigella spp for nasal symptoms treatment among patients with allergic rhinitis was superior in observation group to control group [mean difference = -2.60, 95% CI (-2.82, -2.38), p < 0.00001]; adverse effects occurred in five studies, all of which were transient, did not require medical intervention, and were not statistically significant between the two groups [OR = 1.01, 95% CI (0.59, 1.73), p = 0.98]. CONCLUSION: The observation group demonstrated relative safety and had an enhanced effect on allergic rhinitis treatment and total nasal symptom improvement than the control group. The inclusion of fewer studies and the lower quality of trial design might affect the stability of the results. However, the evidence-based findings that Nigella spp for allergic rhinitis treatment is more accurate should be validated in future large-scale, multicenter, and well-designed RCTs.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) mouthwash and chlorhexidine (CHX) in the management of gingivitis. METHODS: This triple-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20221212056786N2) was conducted at the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Thirty-six patients aged 20-40 years with gingivitis were randomized in a 1:1 ratio using simple randomization to receive either 20% N. sativa mouthwash or 0.2% CHX mouthwash twice daily for 14 days. Participants, outcome assessors, and statisticians were blinded. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI, primary outcome), bleeding index (BI), and staining index (SI), were recorded at baseline and after 14 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: All 36 participants completed the study. Both N. sativa and CHX mouthwashes significantly reduced PI (mean difference: N. sativa, 33.44 ± 0.72; CHX, 32.72 ± 1.37; p < 0.001 for both) and BI (mean difference: N. sativa, 19.44 ± 0.80; CHX, 19.98 ± 0.81; p < 0.001 for both) after 14 days compared with baseline. Between-group differences were not significant for PI (mean difference: -0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.94 to 0.50; p = 0.057) or BI (mean difference: -0.54; 95% CI: -1.10 to 0.02; p = 0.053). A statistically significant but clinically trivial increase in SI was observed in the N. sativa group (mean change: 0.78 ± 1.06; p = 0.006), but not in the CHX group (mean change: 0.44 ± 1.29; p = 0.163). No adverse events, such as taste alteration or mucosal irritation, were reported based on participant self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: N. sativa mouthwash showed similar efficacy to CHX in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation over 14 days, suggesting it may be a viable alternative for short-term gingivitis management. However, its potential for slight tooth staining warrants caution, and further studies are needed to assess long-term effects.

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) significantly affects women's quality of life, with fluctuations in estrogen levels implicated in symptom severity. Lower estrogen levels during the premenstrual phase may contribute to mood swings, anxiety, and fatigue. Nigella sativa (NS) has been examined as a potential alternative therapeutic approach for various diseases. Therefore, in the current experiment, we aimed to investigate the impact of NS on serum estradiol levels and the severity of PMS symptoms in women. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants with moderate to severe PMS were identified using a Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) questionnaire and randomly allocated to the placebo or treatment groups. Two capsules were consumed once a day for two menstrual cycles, and the severity of symptoms in the participants was monitored daily during the intervention, employing the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP). RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in serum estradiol levels and total average PMS scores between the two groups. In comparison, after 2 months of NS supplement, serum estradiol concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and the total mean PMS scores were significantly reduced when compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicated the favorable effects of NS in reducing the severity of PMS. This could be achieved by increasing serum estradiol concentration in premenstrual women with PMS. Additionally, NS can provide anti-inflammatory and potential hormonal and antioxidant support, helping to reduce symptoms of PMS. Therefore, NS is an alternative or complementary method deserving further investigation based on scientific evidence to clarify its role in PMS treatment.

PURPOSE: Due to strong suggestions about natural compounds, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of propolis and Nigella sativa nanoemulsion (NEPNS) and its effect for direct pulp capping of primary teeth. METHODS: After preparing the NEPS extract, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity test was performed. Then amongst children referred to the paediatric department, those whose healthy canines had to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were chose. Subsequent to pulpotomy of both canines, NEPNS were placed on one side and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) on the other as pulp capping. Finally, after 30 days, the teeth were extracted and a blind pathologist examined the histopathology sections of the samples. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, and Fisher exact test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Cytotoxicity test showed that cell viability exposed to 25 and 50 ppm of NEPNS were similar to the control group in 24 and 48 h. The histopathology showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in dentin bridge formation, pre-dentin production, foreign body reaction, and presence of dentin chips (P = 0.0242, 0.567, 0.098, and 0.999 respectively). Meanwhile, the inflammation was significantly lower (P = 0.0313) and odontoblastic differentiation was significantly higher in the CEM group (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Incorporating NEPNS for direct pulp capping of primary teeth leads to mild inflammation comparing to CEM, but dentine bridge formation and developing pre-dentin was similar to the control group after 30 days. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This prospective study was registered at the national clinical trials registry virtual platform as IRCT20230312057689N1 on 2 April 2023. © 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry.

Dental implants offer a reliable solution for tooth replacement, but peri-implant diseases, especially peri-implantitis, jeopardize long-term success by causing inflammation and bone loss. Mechanical debridement is the primary treatment, though its effectiveness is limited by the complex implant surface. Adjunct therapies, particularly natural bioactive compounds, like thymoquinone from Nigella sativa, have shown promise in improving treatment outcomes due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of locally applied thymoquinone gel combined with mechanical debridement in treating peri-implantitis. This prospective study included 40 participants with peri-implantitis, randomized into two groups. Group 1 received mechanical debridement alone, while Group 2 received debridement with 0.2% thymoquinone gel. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-tests. At the 3-month follow-up, Group 2 showed significantly better outcomes in PI (0.50 ± 0.20), GI (0.62 ± 0.11), PPD (3.02 ± 0.14 mm), and CAL (3.17 ± 0.31 mm) compared to Group 1 (p < 0.05). Thymoquinone gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement significantly improves peri-implantitis management, offering a promising therapeutic option. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Episiotomy, a common surgical procedure during childbirth, often leads to complications such as pain, infection, and delayed healing. Nigella sativa has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties in prior studies and have received United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for food use, indicating their safety. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa emulgel on episiotomy wound healing and pain intensity in primiparous women. METHODS: A triple-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran (May 2023-April 2024). Seventy-four primiparous women with mediolateral episiotomy were randomized to receive either Nigella sativa emulgel or placebo, applied topically three times daily for 7 days post-discharge. Wound healing was assessed using the REEDA scale (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation; primary outcome), and pain intensity was measured via visual analog scale (VAS; secondary outcome). Outcomes were evaluated at discharge (baseline) and 10 ± 1 days postpartum. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline scores), and Mann-Whitney U tests for non-normal distributions (SPSS v26). RESULTS: At 10 ± 1 days postpartum, the Nigella sativa group showed significantly better wound healing (REEDA score: MD -0.79, 95% CI -1.20 to -0.39; p = 0.001) and lower pain scores (VAS: MD -0.74, 95% CI -1.3 to -0.11; p = 0.021) compared to placebo. Subscale analysis revealed improvements in redness (p = 0.037), edema (p = 0.041), and ecchymosis (p = 0.043). No adverse effects were reported, and satisfaction was higher in the Nigella sativa group (86.5% vs. 56.7%; p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Topical Nigella sativa emulgel significantly improved episiotomy wound healing and reduced pain intensity, with high patient satisfaction. These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic option, though larger multi-center trials are needed for broader validation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20120718010324N68. Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distri

Nigella sativa seed extract has been shown to have a significant effect on endometrial thickness and vaginal cytology in ovariectomized animal models, suggesting potential benefits for managing menopausal symptoms. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, no human studies have been done to support these conclusions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N. sativa seed extract on estradiol, follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), and the vaginal maturity index (VMI) in postmenopausal women. A single-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled experiment was carried out at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, with 50 eligible postmenopausal women patients randomized into three groups. Group 1 received a placebo, while groups 2 and 3 were given N. sativa seed extract at 910 mg/day and 1,365 mg/day, respectively. All participants were blinded to the treatment they received. The study used Shad Nigella Plus, an Indonesian herbal medicine containing 455 mg of N. sativa seed extract per capsule. Before the treatments, estradiol levels, FSH levels, and VMI were measured at baseline and remeasured after eight weeks of treatment. Two participants in the intervention group withdrew due to nausea, a reported side effect of N. sativa seed extract consumption. Both treatment groups showed significant increases in estradiol levels (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001) and VMI (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001) after eight weeks of daily N. sativa seed extract administration compared to the placebo group. However, no significant differences were found between the two doses in estradiol levels and VMI (p = 0.12 and p = 0.673, respectively). Moreover, FSH levels showed no significant difference throughout both interventions (p = 0.53 and p = 0.96, respectively). In conclusion, twice-daily N. sativa seed extract at 910 mg/day or 1,365 mg/day for eight weeks significantly increased estradiol levels and VMI in menopausal women but had no significant effect on FSH levels. These findings support the potential role of N. sativa seed extract as a natural treatment for menopausal symptoms. © 2025 The Author(s).

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a critical period for health, as conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can affect long-term outcomes, including diabetes and other non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study evaluated the effects of Nigella sativa L. extract on glycemia among adolescents with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This secondary analysis used data from a randomized controlled trial conducted between March 2022 and March 2023. One hundred sixteen adolescent girls aged 12-18 years with PCOS were randomized into two groups. The intervention group received 1000 mg/day of Nigella sativa extract for 16 weeks, while the control group received 10 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone for 10 days per menstrual cycle over the same period. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and one- and two-hour post-prandial glucose levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS: 103 completed the study (50 in the Nigella sativa group and 53 in the control group). At baseline, there were no significant differences in FPG (p = 0.294), though the control group had higher one-hour (p = 0.002) and two-hour (p = 0.006) post-prandial glucose levels. Post-intervention, significant interaction effects were observed for FPG (p = 0.004) and two-hour post-prandial glucose (p = 0.023), indicating more significant reductions in the Nigella sativa group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the observed effect of Nigella sativa supplementation on FPG and two-hour post-prandial glucose, it may offer a complementary approach to managing glycemia in adolescent PCOS. However, further research is warranted. © 2025. The Author(s).

Comment in Paediatr Drugs. 2025 Nov;27(6):777-778. doi: 10.1007/s40272-025-00713-6. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nigella sativa is a widely used medicinal plant with several potential therapeutic uses. This study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial cardioprotective effect of Nigella sativa in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Sixty children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 30) who received Nigella sativa seed oil 450 mg twice daily after meals for 3 months in addition to insulin, and group II (n = 30) who received insulin alone. Echocardiographic examinations were performed before and after the treatment. The lipid profile, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and troponin I were also measured before and after Nigella sativa treatment. RESULTS: After 3 months of Nigella sativa administration, group I had significantly lower cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and troponin I levels compared with their pretreatment levels and compared with group II. In addition, group I had a significantly higher left ventricular E'/A' ratio and two-dimensional left ventricular global longitudinal strain (2D-LV GLS) compared with baseline values and compared with group II after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Nigella sativa can improve subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: this clinical trial was registered at www.pactr.org with ID: PACTR202302478939306. © 2025. The Author(s).

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations, requiring long-term treatment that can have side effects, particularly in pediatric patients. Nigella sativa has shown potential for improving SLE symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of N. sativa oil (NSO) on disease activity, T lymphocyte activity and inflammatory cytokine profiles in pediatric SLE patients. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at Saiful Anwar Hospital in Malang, Indonesia. Pediatric patients with SLE were randomly assigned to receive either one gram of NSO or a placebo containing starch in capsule form as adjunct therapy alongside their SLE primary treatment. Blood samples were collected before treatment and after eight weeks of daily capsules. Disease activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K); flow cytometry was used to identify T helper lymphocytes, and serum cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. The statistical analysis tests were performed to compare the outcomes between groups at baseline or after the treatment, and within-group comparisons before and after the study period, as appropriate. A total of 32 patients were included in the study. A significant decrease in the SLEDAI-2 K score was observed at post-treatment in both the NSO and placebo groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.025, respectively). The percentage of T helper 17 (Th17) cells was significantly reduced in both the NSO and placebo groups post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (p = 0.026 and p = 0.034, respectively). Conversely, the post- treatment percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells increased significantly in both groups. A significant reduction in interleukin (IL)-2 levels was observed in the NSO and placebo groups at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (p = 0.006 and p = 0.046, respectively). Additionally, there were increases in IL-4 and IL-6 serum levels in both groups at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (p < 0.05). This study highlights that although disease activity was not significant

This study aimed to examine the effect of foot reflexology and knee massage with black cumin seed oil on pain and fatigue symptoms in elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis and assess which of these 2 applications is more effective. Our randomized controlled trial was conducted with 150 participants. Study data were collected from participants over 65 years who received outpatient treatment in a university hospital's physical therapy and rehabilitation unit and were determined to have no perception problems based on the Mini-Mental Test. After randomization, the study sample was classified into 5 groups, each including 30 participants: (1) foot reflexology with black cumin seed oil, (2) foot reflexology with a placebo, (3) knee massage with black cumin oil, (4) knee massage with a placebo, and (5) control. Participants were administered a Patient Descriptive Information Form, the Lequesne Knee Osteoarthritis Index, the Pain-Visual Analog Scale, the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Control group participants received standard of care, while participants in treatment groups received the studied interventions for 6 weeks. Data were collected by administering questionnaires to the participants in the first and sixth weeks and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 software. The study showed that foot reflexology and knee massage administered using black cumin oil effectively reduced pain and fatigue severity in Osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and overall, foot reflexology administered using black cumin oil was the most effective treatment to reduce pain and fatigue.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hypericum perforatum L. oleates prepared in fixed oils have long been used for wound management due to their antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue-regenerative properties. The bioactivity of these oleates is mainly attributed to hypericin, hyperforin, and pseudohypericin. In the present study, the wound-healing potential of H. perforatum oleates prepared in different fixed oils, including Olea europaea L. (olive), Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), and Nigella sativa L. (black seed), is compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fixed oils were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while oleuropein (olive oil) and thymoquinone (black seed oil) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and sesamin and sesamol (sesame oil) by spectrophotometry. Oleates were prepared using the traditional sun maceration method. Hypericin, hyperforin, and pseudohypericin were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the wound-healing activities of both the fixed oils and their respective oleates. RESULTS: All oleates exhibited significantly greater wound-healing activity than the corresponding fixed oils. The most pronounced synergistic effects were observed with the olive oil and sesame oil oleates. CONCLUSION: Maceration of H. perforatum in fixed oils enhances the intrinsic therapeutic properties of oils and contributes to improvements in multiple wound-healing parameters. The findings of the present study support the traditional use of H. perforatum oleates and provide a scientific basis for their pharmacological development. © TÜBİTAK.

Bismarck Brown G is a carcinogenic cationic dye that continues to contaminate water sources despite regulations limiting its use. In this study, copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanoparticles were grown on the surface of Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds to develop a Cu(OH)2/BC composite in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner for the removal of the dye from water. The composite was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry techniques, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller gas adsorption analysis, which confirmed the successful integration of Cu(OH)2 with the BC matrix. The prepared Cu(OH)2/BC had a specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of ~ 86 m2 g⁻1, 0.092 cc g⁻1, and 1.932 nm, respectively, with numerous functional groups on its surface. Due to these properties, the resulting composite was used for the adsorption of Bismarck Brown G (BBG) dye. Almost complete (~ 99.0%) dye removal was achieved at an optimized dose of 3 g L⁻1, pH = 7, in 150 min, and at a temperature of 30 °C. The adsorption isotherm followed the order of fitting: Langmuir > Freundlich > Temkin. The isotherm results indicated chemisorption (with some physisorption) on a heterogeneous surface. The kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic, and predominantly chemisorption-driven mechanism. In conclusion, the Cu(OH)2/BC nanocomposite shows potential to serve as an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and scalable adsorbent material for industrial wastewater treatment. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (EP-NECs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors with poor clinical outcomes. These patients have limited treatment options after progressing on first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Although dual immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade have significantly improved outcomes for several solid tumors, they demonstrated modest activity for EP-NECs with 9-26% response rates and low survival rates. Preliminary data demonstrated that NP-101 (Nigella sativa formulation) enhances T-cell infiltration and is synergistic with dual ICPIs in NECs' cellular models. This pilot study evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of NP-101 plus nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic EP-NECs refractory to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. This is a single-arm pilot study (NCTNCT05262556) in which patients with metastatic EP-NECs received NP-101 (oral capsules), 3,000 mg daily, plus ICPIs (intravenous nivolumab 3 mg/kg and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg) every 3 weeks for four cycles. Nonprogressors received NP-101 (3,000 mg daily), plus biweekly maintenance of nivolumab (240 mg), and then completed 24 weeks of treatment. Treatment-related adverse events (TR-AEs) were characterized according to CTCAE v4.03. The response rate was estimated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. The Kaplan-Meir method was used to estimate median PFS and OS. Twelve patients received ≥1 dose of NP-101 and nivolumab plus ipilimumab. There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Grade 1/2 TR-AEs occurred in 100% (12/12) of patients. The most common G1/2 TR-AEs included the following: fatigue (75%), nausea (41.7%), pruritus (41.7%), muscle weakness (33.3%), vomiting (25%), rash (25%), and abdominal pain (25%). Eight patients (66%) experienced grade 3/4 TR-AEs, including rash (33.3%), nausea (16.7%), vomiting (16.7%), and transaminitis (16.7%). No treatment-related grade 5 toxicities or deaths were recorded. The objective response rate was 41.7% (2/12 (16%) complete response (CR) + 3/12 (25%) partial response (PR); 95% CI: 15.2-72.3%) for all patients and 50% (2/8 CR + 2/8 PR, 95% C

The widespread occurrence of antibiotic residues in aquatic environments represents a growing environmental concern due to their persistence and potential ecological impacts. In this study, an environmentally sustainable sorbent was developed by valorizing industrially processed black seed (Nigella sativa) waste into a magnetically recoverable CuFe2O4-coated activated carbon (CuFe2O4@BAC) via microwave-assisted co-precipitation for the removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) from water. Characterization revealed a high specific surface area (455 m2 g-1), a predominantly mesoporous structure (64.5%), and a saturation magnetization of 15.01 emu g-1, enabling rapid magnetic separation from aqueous media. The sorption behavior toward oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) was systematically investigated. The pseudo-second-order model best described the sorption kinetics, and the equilibrium data conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer sorption onto energetically uniform sites. The maximum sorption capacity reached 669 mg g-1, demonstrating strong affinity for OTC. Thermodynamic evaluation showed that the sorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Additionally, the nanocomposite maintained high removal efficiency over four sorption-desorption cycles, highlighting its structural stability and reusability. In conclusion, the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite offers a sustainable, high-performance, and easily recoverable sorbent for effective removal of antibiotics from wastewater systems.

Nigella sativa black cumin oil (BCO) exhibits well-documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the impact of extraction-related compositional variation on its cellular and molecular effects in stem cell systems remains insufficiently characterized. This study investigated the effects of cold-pressed (CP) and supercritical CO2 (ScCO2)-extracted BCO on the viability, inflammatory response and angiogenic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). The oil composition and antioxidant activity were assessed using GC/MS and DPPH assays, respectively. ASCs were treated with different volumes of BCO, and cell viability was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h using the MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by real-time PCR analysis of IL6 and IL10 mRNA expression, while angiogenesis-related molecular responses were evaluated based on VEGF mRNA expression. Both CP and ScCO2-extracted BCO significantly increased ASC viability in a volume-dependent manner, with the highest viability consistently observed at 100 µl (P &lt; 0.05). Treatment with 50 µl and 100 µl of either oil significantly reduced IL6 expression and concomitantly increased IL10 expression at 24 and 48 h (P &lt; 0.05). VEGF expression was also significantly up-regulated at these time points, with ScCO2-extracted BCO inducing a more pronounced and sustained angiogenic response (P &lt; 0.05). These findings indicate that BCO enhances ASC via-bility and molecular responses in a volume-dependent manner, while differences associated with extraction-related compositional variation may modulate inflammation- and angiogenesis-related molecular signalling in ASCs.

Nigella sativa meal (NSM) is a by-product of the oil extraction process with potential use as a functional feed ingredient in ruminant nutrition due to its rich bioactive compounds and nutrient content. Therefore, this replicated (n = 6) completely randomized design (CRD) study aimed to firstly characterize NSM for its the bioactive compounds by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS). The effects of its dietary inclusion at 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% NSM on in vitro rumen fermentation, gas production, CH4 production, and rumen degradability were analyzed. Rumen fluid was collected orally from five sheep (body weight 20 ± 2 kg/head) and incubated with basal diets supplemented with pre-determined levels of NSM. The identified bioactive compounds identified included palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, phenolic, flavonoid, thymoquinone, and saponin. The results showed that the dietary NSM supplementation in the diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) gas production at 18 and 48 h, NH3-N concentration, IVDMD (In vitro dry matter degradability), and IVOMD (In vitro organic matter degradability). However, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) on gas production at 12 and 24 h, and CH4 production, pH, acetate, propionate, iso-butyrate, butyrate, iso-valerate, valerate, the acetate-to-propionate ratio (A:P), or total VFA concentration. Rumen fermentation was optimally modulated up to 10% without adverse effects on digestibility or CH4 production. In this context, NSM acted as a functional feed ingredient in vitro. Therefore, in vivo analyses are required to confirm the efficacy under practical feeding conditions.

Chronic low-dose exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used environmental endocrine disruptor, has been increasingly associated with oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxicity. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, exhibits potent antioxidant properties; however, its neuroprotective potential against BPA-induced toxicity remains incompletely understood. Given the pervasive nature of BPA exposure, identifying effective and accessible neuroprotective strategies is of growing importance. This study investigated the effects of TQ on oxidative stress, Keap-1/Nrf-2 signaling, behavior, and histopathological alterations in rats exposed to BPA. A total of 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6/group): control, BPA, BPA + 10 mg/kg TQ (BPA+TQ I), and BPA + 20 mg/kg TQ (BPA+TQ II). BPA (50 µg/kg) and TQ were administered intragastrically for 30 days. BPA exposure induced significant behavioral impairments, oxidative stress, disruption of Keap-1/Nrf-2 signaling, and marked histopathological damage in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. TQ treatment significantly improved locomotor activity and depression-like behavior, reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels, restored glutathione-related antioxidant capacity, and normalized Keap-1 and Nrf-2 expression (p < 0.001). These protective effects were more pronounced at the higher TQ dose. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that thymoquinone mitigates BPA-induced neurotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and the Keap-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathway, highlighting its potential as a neuroprotective agent against environmentally relevant BPA exposure.

The current study aimed to explore the anxiolytic effects of phytochemicals present in Nigella sativa (black cumin) plant seeds. For that purpose, first we identified a plethora of bioactive phytocompounds by performing gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. GC-MS results revealed a total of 38 phytochemicals, including Guanosine 29.80%, Ethanamine 13.25%, Valeric acid, 2-tridecyl ester 12.48%, Pentanal 7.34%, 1-Dodecanol 5.65%, as the most abundant compounds, which represent 68% of the total chromatographic composition. The identified phytochemicals (ligands) from GCMS were subjected to molecular docking against the GABA-B (target protein) to screen top phytochemicals based on their docking scores. The docking results exhibited a range from - 2.5 (Ethanamine) to - 7.9 kcal/mol (Androstan-3-one). Furthermore, based on docking scores, the top six selected compounds, namely kasuminl, thunbergol, dehydro-cohumulinic acid, jasmoline, androstan-3-one, and hydrothymoquinone, were further checked for different pharmacological parameters such as ADME/T, biological activity, Lipinski's analysis, and physicochemical properties such as solubility (logS), lipophilicity (logP) and Total Polar Surface Area (tPSA). Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg and SASA showed excellent dynamic behaviour, including structural stability, conformational flexibility and spatial organization over time. Overall, hydrothymoquinone, dehydro-cohumulinic acid, and androstan-3-one show great stability and favourable binding affinity against GABA-B. The collective results obtained from this study suggest that these natural phytochemicals derived from N. sativa may serve as lead compounds for anxiolytic effects. However, in-vitro and in-vivo studies are recommended to further validate their efficacy and establish them as drug candidates. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archivi

PURPOSE: To investigate the antibiofilm and antibacterial properties of Nigella sativa seed aqueous extract (NSE) against Streptococcus (S.) mutans. METHODS: Chemical analysis of aqueous extract powder of Nigella sativa seeds was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). S. mutans biofilm removal by NSE and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash was evaluated using crystal violet (CV) assay. Ten extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 12 enamel specimens. Enamel specimens were coated by artificial saliva with bovine serum albumin, and then inoculated by S. mutans for biofilm formation. Enamel specimens were divided into four groups [positive biofilm control (without treatment), negative biofilm control (without bacteria), NSE and CHX biofilm treatment groups]. Acridine orange/propidium iodide assay was used for vital/dead biofilm staining. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) biofilm images were digitally analyzed to calculate vital/dead stains relative fluorescence (RF) and estimate biofilm thicknesses. Molecular docking (MD) of interaction between long chain fatty acids (FAs) of NSE and MurA enzyme (PDB: 1UAE) was performed. RESULTS: GC-MS revealed high concentration of long chain FAs (linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids). NSE and CHX groups showed significantly the highest red (dead) RF. NSE caused the highest reduction in biofilm thickness. NSE and CHX presented the minimum absorbance in CV assay. MD predicted a high binding affinity between FAs ligands and MurA receptors (Arg371, Arg331, Asn23, Lys22), with maximum affinity to linoleic acid (-98.07 kcal/mol). CONCLUSION: NSE showed antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm comparable to that of CHX, with a higher biofilm removal effect. NSE is expected to have a MurA enzyme inhibitory effect. © 2026 The Author(s).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) are vital but are faced with limited uptake, resistance, and nephrotoxicity. Thymoquinone (THQ) from Nigella sativa has antibacterial and cytoprotective effects but is unstable, posing challenges for formulation. This study co-encapsulated amikacin (AMK) and tobramycin (TOB) with THQ in liposomes to improve antimicrobial activity and renal cytocompatibility. METHODS: Liposomes (Lipo-AMK-THQ and Lipo-TOB-THQ) were prepared and characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated using minimum inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations (MIC-MBC), time-kill, and biofilm inhibition assays. Cytocompatibility was assessed in HK-2 and HEK293T cells. RESULTS: Formulations exhibited nanoscale size (around 100 nm), low polydispersity (0.1-0.2), and zeta potential around -60 mV. Sustained antibiotic release over 24 h was observed. MIC values were reduced compared to free antibiotics, particularly against resistant MRSA and E. coli isolates (by up to 31-500-fold). Enhanced biofilm inhibition was observed (up to 90-98%) relative to free drugs (38-41%). Cell viability remained at 63-100% (HK-2) and 84-100% (HEK293T). CONCLUSION: Co-encapsulation of selected AGAs with THQ in liposomes improved antibacterial and antibiofilm activity while maintaining cytocompatibility, supporting further in vivo evaluation to establish the therapeutic potential and safety.

Skin disorders impact nearly one-third of the global population, and represent the fourth most common cause of human diseases. However, delivering drugs into and through the skin is a significant challenge due to its low permeability, which severely limits the efficacy of conventional topical and transdermal formulations. To tackle this issue, liposomes and liposome-derived nanosystems can be of use, which, among other advantages, also have the capacity to encapsulate more than one drug molecule simultaneously, allowing combination therapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary and criti

Nigella sativa L., also known as black seed or black cumin, is a plant that has been used for centuries. In the past, this flowering plant was used as a food preservative and medicinal herb. A vital component of Nigella sativa, thymoquinone (TQ), plays a significant therapeutic role in the management of most diseases, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily caused by neurotransmitter hypoactivity, particularly insufficient serotonin activity. It has been discovered that many medicinal herbs and their active compounds have therapeutic value. Black cumin seeds have been used to heal ailments and its history traces back to ancient times such as ancient Babylonia. They can be used applied to alleviate edema, hair loss, and bruising, and consumd to treat stomach issues. It is one of the most feasible and effective medicinal plants. The use of nanoformulations based on Nigella sativa and TQ to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) has yielded promising outcomes. Customized administration of nanoparticle (NP) systems and nanomedicine are two of the many options for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) that are attracting increasing interest. Delivering a therapeutic and diagnostic substance to a particular location is the core target of NPs. Because of their distinct cell uptake and trafficking mechanisms, NPs can reduce the amount that accumulates in undesirable organs. The focus of the current review is on recent studies on the various neuroprotective properties of Nigella sativa as well as nanoformulations for NDs and the brain's uptake of NPs. The review summarizes the In vivo, In vitro, and In silico studies on the protectiv

3. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 Aug;83(2):132-134. doi: 10.1111/cod.13542. Epub 2020 May 7. Thymoquinone as a causative allergen in Nigella sativa oil contact dermatitis with cross-reactivity to tert-butylhydroquinone. Kurihara F(1), Soria A(1)(2), Lepoittevin JP(3), Chasset F(1), Barbaud A(1)(4), Pecquet C(1). Author information: (1)Tenon Hospital, Dermatology-Allergology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France. (2)Immunology and Infectious Diseases Center-Paris(Cimi-Paris)-INSERM U1135, Paris, France. (3)Laboratory of Dermatochimie, Institute of Chemistry, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. (4)Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, AP-HP.Sorbonne University, Paris, France. DOI: 10.1111/cod.13542 PMID: 32232855 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

OBJECTIVE: Aminoglycosides, used to combat with life-threatening infections, have a substantial risk of hearing loss. Nigella sativa is an annual herbaceous plant and used for treatment of many diseases for ages. We aimed to investigate the protective role of intratympanic nigella sativa oil against gentamicin induced hearing loss in an animal model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty eight guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: i-control, ii- Intratympanic nigella sativa oil (IT-NSO), iii- Intraperitoneal gentamicin (IP-G) and iv- Intraperitoneal gentamicin and intratympanic nigella sativa oil (IP-G + IT-NSO). Preoperative and postoperative hearing thresholds were determined with auditory brainstem response with click and 8 kHz tone-burst stimuli. Histological analysis of the cochlea specimens were performed under light microscope. Semiquantitative grading of the histological findings was carried out and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Highest posttreatment hearing thresholds were detected in IP-G group. Posttreatment mean hearing threshold of the IP-G group with click stimulus was significantly higher than the IP-G + IT-NSO group (p = 0.004). whereas the difference was not significant with 8 kHz tone-burst stimulus (p = 0.137). Both IP-G and IP-G + IT-NSO groups had significantly highe