Collagen Peptides (Skin)

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether liposomal delivery enhances the effects of a collagen tripeptide-containing formulation on dermal structural and biomechanical parameters, as well as appearance-related skin properties, compared with a nonliposomal formulation and placebo. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 75 healthy adults aged 25-65 years were assigned to receive placebo, a nonliposomal formulation containing collagen tripeptides, or a liposomal formulation containing collagen tripeptides (50 mL/day) for 8 weeks. Objective assessments of dermal collagen density, skin hydration, elasticity, wrinkle area, skin luminance, and tone evenness were performed at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 8 using standardized instrumental measurements. RESULTS: Both collagen tripeptide-containing formulation groups showed significant improvements in dermal collagen density, hydration, and elasticity compared with placebo (p < 0.05). The liposomal formulation demonstrated an earlier onset and a greater magnitude of improvement across multiple parameters, with a statistically significant advantage in skin elasticity at Week 8 compared with the nonliposomal formulation (p < 0.05). Notably, only the liposomal collagen tripeptide-containing formulation group exhibited a significant reduction in wrinkle area at Week 8 relative to placebo (p < 0.05). Both collagen tripeptide formulation groups also showed significant increases in skin luminance and tone evenness. CONCLUSION: Liposomal delivery significantly enhances the functional effects of a collagen tripeptide-containing formulation on dermal structure and biomechanical performance, particularly dermal collagen density and skin elasticity, as well as optical skin properties including luminance and tone evenness. These findings support the application of liposomal formulations containing collagen tripeptides as an effective oral nutricosmetic strategy for improving visible signs of skin aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06771388. © 2026 TCI Co., Ltd. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential applications of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (LMWCPs), produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of fish skin-derived gelatin using a specific protease. LMWCP is enriched in Gly-X-Y tripeptide sequences, particularly Gly-Pro-Hyp (GPH). Preliminary human pharmacokinetic data showed that oral LMWCP markedly increased systemic exposure to GPH, yielding an approximately 54-fold higher area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 2 h (3388 ± 1084 ng·h/mL) than general collagen. In a subsequent randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 114 women aged 20-50 years with thigh cellulite and self-reported hair thinning received either LMWCP (1000 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks. Efficacy endpoints included cellulite severity, dermal-subcutaneous border length, skin roughness, skin elasticity, and hair diameter. The LMWCP group demonstrated significant improvements in cellulite severity, dermal-subcutaneous border length, skin roughness, and skin elasticity at weeks 12 and 24 compared to the placebo group. Hair diameter also increased significantly at week 24, with a larger proportion of participants in the LMWCP group exhibiting measurable hair thickening. These findings indicate that LMWCP, characterized by high GPH content and enhanced systemic exposure resulting from targeted enzymatic hydrolysis, exerts beneficial effects on both skin and hair parameters. Daily intake of LMWCP for 24 weeks effectively reduces thigh cellulite and promotes hair thickness, supporting its potential as an orally administered functional ingredient for skin and hair health.

BACKGROUND: Preconditioning of skin prior to procedures with the Alastin TriHex Technology has been demonstrated to enhance procedure outcomes. Alastin Regenerating Skin Nectar with TriHex Technology Serum (Alastin Skincare Inc. Carlsbad, CA) has undergone reformulation to include an added Octapeptide-45 for improving post-surgical outcomes and healing through pre-conditioning. A 5-week clinical trial was conducted to demonstrate efficacy and safety for post-surgical skin wound healing (following pre-conditioning), and overall skin health. In particular, molecular and cellular changes were documented, histologically comparing the treated side against the vehicle on the opposite side. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, split-face, comparative study was conducted in 5 patients to evaluate the effects of pre-conditioning with a TriHex Technology Serum 2.0 (Nectar 2.0) compared to vehicle in subjects undergoing elective facelift surgery. Patient questionnaires and investigator assessments were undertaken, and baseline biopsies were taken from both sides 4 weeks prior to surgery. Following the facelift surgery, collected skin samples from each side of the face were analyzed for histological changes comparing pre (screening) and post (4 weeks) of pre-conditioning use of study topicals by an independent dermatopathologist using multiple staining techniques. RESULTS: Investigator assessment with facial aesthetic clinical grading scale demonstrated greater improvements for the Nectar 2.0 treatment side compared to vehicle at Day 7 from screening for all assessed parameters: skin dullness, fine lines, tactile roughness, global photodamage. Investigator healing assessments demonstrated improved Healing on the Nectar 2.0 treatment side compared to vehicle, related to erythema, edema, and crusting parameters. Histological differences between the two sides were significant with major changes in extracellular matrix composition involving collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid production and reversal of solar elastosis, all Evident only on the Nectar 2.0 treated side. CONCLUSION: A randomized, double-blinded, split-face, comparative study with Alastin Regenerating Skin Necta

INTRODUCTION: Collagen is a fundamental component of the skin's extracellular matrix, yet its low oral bioavailability raises questions about its efficacy in improving skin health. Bioactive collagen peptides (BCP), as hydrolyzed forms of collagen, offer enhanced absorption and functionality. However, evidence regarding their sustained effects and the impact of molecular weight distribution is still limited. AIM: To evaluate the long-term effects of BCP supplementation on skin hydration, elasticity, and dermal structure, and to explore the relationship between molecular properties of BCP and skin outcomes. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 77 healthy female participants aged. Subjects received either 5000 mg/day of BCP or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Skin parameters-including hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), elasticity, and dermal/epidermal thickness and density-were measured at baseline, Week 8, Week 12, and Week 16 using non-invasive techniques. RESULTS: BCP significantly improved dermal density, hydration, and TEWL compared to placebo after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). These improvements were maintained during the washout period. Dermal thickness also increased in the BCP group, while no significant changes were noted in the epidermis. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of oral BCP supplementation, followed by a 4-week washout, produced lasting improvements in skin hydration, firmness, and dermal structure. These effects are likely linked to the BCP's high hydroxyproline content and low molecular weight distribution, supporting its use in anti-aging skincare strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06847035. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Skin aging is characterized by the deterioration of collagen and elastin in the dermis, leading to wrinkles, dryness, and pigmentation irregularities. Porcine placenta peptides (Placenderm®, hereinafter PPP), a bioactive ingredient commonly used in complementary functional foods and rich in collagen and growth factors, have demonstrated regenerative properties that may counteract these aging effects. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral PPP supplementation in improving signs of skin aging. Ninety participants aged 35-60 with dry skin and visible periorbital wrinkles were randomly assigned to receive either PPP or a placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Skin parameters, including wrinkle depth, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), elasticity, pigmentation, and gloss, were assessed at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Compared to the placebo group, the PPP group showed significant reductions in wrinkle depth, melanin index, erythema index, and TEWL, alongside notable improvements in skin hydration, elasticity, and gloss. Importantly, no adverse events were reported, and investigator evaluations supported the objective findings. Taken together, PPP may serve as a safe and effective complementary therapy to conventional dermatological treatments, offering a non-invasive strategy to promote skin health and counteract photoaging. Given its origin as a functional food and its role in traditional East Asian medicine, PPP may also be integrated into holistic anti-aging regimens or wellness programs. Further studies in diverse populations are warranted to confirm these benefits and explore underlying mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (Rh-bFGF) combined with collagen sponge in the treatment of grade II acute maxillofacial abrasions. METHODS: During the study period from September 2020 to September 2023, 128 such patients were in the authors' hospital and randomly divided into control group (N = 64) and experimental group (N = 64). The observation group was treated with Rh-bFGF and collagen sponge after debridement, while the control group was treated with vaseline gauze after debridement. The healing rate and healing time were observed, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, EGF, VEGF, and Timp-1 were determined. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the local scar hyperplasia 6 months after wound healing in both groups. RESULTS: On the seventh and 14th day of treatment, the wound healing rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05), and the wound healing time in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.05), the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, EGF, VEGF, and Timp-1 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05), the levels of Il-10 were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05), and the levels of EGF, VEGF, and Timp-1 were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Vancouver Scar Scale score of local scar hyperplasia was significantly lower than that of control group ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (Rh-bFGF) combined with collagen sponge in the treatment of maxillofacial contusion can decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, increase the levels of IL-10 and effectively control inflammation, at the same time, it can increase the levels of EGF, VEGF, and Timp-1, promote wound healing and reduce scar hyperplasia. The therapeutic scheme is simple, safe, and effective, and suitable for clinical popularization and application.

BACKGROUND: Sensitive skin requires targeted care to improve barrier function, reduce inflammation, and manage neurovascular reactivity. OBJECTIVE: Encorelane, a novel ingredient blend of saccharide isomerate, ribose, and fructooligosaccharides, was evaluated for its efficacy in addressing sensitive skin and visible aging signs. METHODS: In vitro: A 3D epidermal model (EpiKutis) with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) induction was used to assess cytokines (interleukin 1α [IL-1α], interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]) and barrier markers (filaggrin [FLG], loricrin [LOR], transglutaminase 1 [TGM1]). Hydration was examined via aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression levels. Anti-wrinkle efficacy was tested against UVA/UVB exposure, evaluating collagen synthesis and skin matrix components (Collagen types I, III, IV, VII, XVII, Laminin 5, hyaluronic acid [HA], Chondroitin sulfate [CS]). In vivo: A 6-week double-blind, half-face study in 23 sensitive-skin subjects evaluated the clinical effects of Encorelane versus placebo on repair, redness, firmness, and wrinkles. RESULTS: In vitro: Compared to the control group, Encorelane significantly reduced the levels of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the levels of AQP3, FLG, LOR, TGM1, collagen types I, III, IV, VII, XVII, and laminin 5 (p < 0.05). In vivo: Compared to the placebo, Encorelane significantly improved TEWL, R2, F4, and crow's feet wrinkles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Encorelane effectively targets both inflammation and aging signs, supporting its use as a dermocosmetic solution for sensitive, aging-prone skin. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

BACKGROUND: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB (PDGF) is a potent stimulator of tissue regeneration. It has received FDA approvals in four medical therapeutic indications for tissue regeneration. Recently, the use of pure PDGF has also been introduced for the promotion of skin rejuvenation and regeneration in aesthetic indications. AIMS: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of the topical application of pure PDGF compared to standard of care following radiofrequency (RF) microneedling. METHODS: In this evaluator-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, subjects between 30 and 60 years of age received a single treatment of RF microneedling, followed by application of either standard of care (Aquaphor) or pure PDGF. Participants were evaluated at 7 and 30 days post-procedure by a board-certified dermatologist (MG) to determine the Clinical Global Aesthetic Improvement Score (CGAIS), and by Canfield Image Analysis (IA) software to assess seven aesthetic parameters. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were also obtained at 7 and 30 days following treatment. RESULTS: Pure PDGF treatment resulted in greater improvement in the CGAIS as determined at 7 and 30 days compared to the standard of care group. Additionally, PDGF treatment outperformed the standard of care group in 6 of 7 outcomes in the objective image analysis. PROMs indicated that participants treated with pure PDGF had an overall better experience than participants receiving standard of care. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial shows the application of pure PDGF possesses an excellent safety profile and improves facial skin quality 30 days post RF microneedling more effectively than the current standard of care. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Skin aging, a multifactorial process influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, manifests as wrinkles, dryness, reduced elasticity, and altered pore structure. Despite the promising anti-aging effects of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (LMWCPs), heterogeneity in clinical trial designs poses limitations in fully elucidating their comprehensive efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of collagen peptide NS (CPNS), a functional food, in improving the biophysical properties related to skin structure and moisture in healthy adults. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 healthy adults received either test product (1,650 mg/day, including 74.25 mg of the functional peptide, Gly-Pro) or a placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout. Skin parameters were measured using high-precision dermatological devices and expert visual assessments at five time points.The test group showed significant improvements in wrinkle depth, height, and visual severity scores across multiple facial regions. Skin elasticity (R2, R5, and R7), surface and deep skin hydration, as well as dermal density were markedly enhanced. Reductions in the pore number, area, depth, and volume, accompanied by decreased sebum secretion, suggested pore-tightening effects. During the 2-week discontinuation period of test product, significant effects were maintained, and throughout the study duration, no adverse events were reported. Oral administration of test product confers multifaceted benefits to skin health and represents a safe and efficacious functional ingredient to mitigate the visible signs of skin aging.

BACKGROUND: Energy-based devices are commonly used to improve the appearance of aging skin. Treatments can involve long recovery times, marked by pain, erythema, edema, and purpura, which is often a limiting factor in a patient&rsquo;s willingness to undergo a procedure. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of an Angiopoietin-1 derived QHREDGS peptide (Q-peptide) hydrogel and ointment, in comparison to a peptide-free control, in enhancing healing and patient satisfaction after radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) treatment. METHODS: In this Institutional Review Board-approved, randomized, double-blind, split-face study, 8 subjects underwent RFMN. Post-procedure, they applied Q-peptide regimen to one side of their face and a peptide-free control to the other. Post-treatment recovery and skin quality were assessed at 2 &plusmn; 1 and 7 &plusmn; 1 days post-procedure. Adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: The Q-peptide regimen was preferred by both clinicians (6-fold) and subjects (5-fold) compared with the control at the first follow-up visit (2 &plusmn; 1 days). Subjects were 5-fold more likely to report better-looking skin and 5-fold more likely to report better-feeling skin on the Q-peptide side of the face. Image analysis demonstrated 2-fold decreased presence of edema, erythema, and purpura at 2 &plusmn; 1 days post-procedure. Improved skin quality and more rapid recovery were noted with the Q-peptide. By 7 &plusmn; 1 days, patients strongly favored Q-peptide, endorsing its continued use and recommending it to others. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The Q-peptide regimen was effective and well-tolerated following RFMN treatment, highlighting its potential for skin regeneration and dermatological post-procedure use.

BACKGROUND: Retinoids are effective anti-aging agents, but their use is often limited by irritation, particularly in Asian skin. Hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR), a novel retinoid ester, offers similar benefits with reduced irritation, yet its combined use with retinol remains poorly characterized. Additionally, the integration of peptides and botanical antioxidants like silybin into retinoid-based regimens lacks mechanistic and clinical evidence. AIMS: To investigate the molecular mechanisms and clinical efficacy of a novel serum containing retinol, HPR, peptides, and silybin in improving mild photoaged facial skin in Chinese women. METHODS: Mechanistic effects were investigated using transcriptomic profiling in a keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture and protein expression analysis in UV-exposed ex vivo skin models. Clinical efficacy was assessed in an 8-week study in middle-aged Chinese women with mild photoaging. RESULTS: Retinol + HPR synergistically activated TGF-β/Smad signaling and enhanced extracellular matrix gene expression compared with retinol alone. The addition of silybin further promoted collagen and elastin synthesis. Clinically, the serum significantly improved wrinkles, elasticity, hydration, barrier function, and pigmentation with excellent tolerability. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-active serum demonstrates a synergistic, well-tolerated anti-aging effect. To our knowledge, this work provides an integrated molecular-to-clinical evaluation of a retinol-HPR-peptide-silybin combination, supporting its potential as a potent yet gentle anti-aging option for sensitive skin. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt) is one of the nuclear receptor transcription factors that plays a key role in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells. Recently, RORγt has attracted increasing attention as a potential drug target for the treatment of several human inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and Crohn's disease. In this study, we revealed that ergosterol (ERG) was a novel RORγt inverse agonist, which decreased RORγt transcriptional activity, to regulate collagen fiber deposition and to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in the skin lesions of IMQ-induced mice with psoriasis. Furthermore, ERG could repair the epidermal barrier function by upregulating tight junction proteins, such as claudin, occludin, and ZO-1, thereby alleviating psoriasis symptoms. These findings suggested that ERG might be used as a promising novel RORγt inverse agonist in the management of psoriasis. © 2025 Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft.

Facial aging is a multifactorial process involving changes in bone, fat compartments, ligaments, muscles, and skin. Collagen biostimulators, including synthetic agents and autologous platelet concentrates, have gained attention for facial rejuvenation. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF), a second-generation autologous concentrate, has shown promising regenerative properties due to its natural composition and growth factors. Cosmetic peptides, such as palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl) and Tetrapeptide-21 (GEKG), are also studied for their ability to stimulate collagen synthesis and remodel the extracellular matrix. This in vitro study examined the potential synergistic effects of i-PRF combined with Matrixyl or GEKG on human dermal fibroblast viability, proliferation, and ECM-related gene expression. Fibroblasts were cultured under six conditions: control, i-PRF alone, Matrixyl alone, GEKG alone, i-PRF + Matrixyl, and i-PRF + GEKG. Viability and proliferation were assessed via MTT, crystal violet, and RealTime-Glo™ assays. Gene expression of COL1A1, FN1, and HAS1 was measured using RT-qPCR. The combinations, especially i-PRF + GEKG, led to increased cell viability and upregulated ECM-related genes at 72 h. These effects were stronger than the individual treatments, suggesting synergistic effects, especially with GEKG. These findings highlight the clinical potential of combining autologous platelet concentrates with bioactive peptides for dermal regeneration. Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted.

This study investigates the synergistic effects of oral milk ceramide-collagen peptides in inhibiting UV-induced inflammation and preventing photoaging. The optimal ratio of milk ceramide to collagen peptides was determined in HaCaT cells, and the effects of oral supplementation of milk ceramide-collagen peptides were evaluated in UV-exposed hairless mice. HaCaT cells did not exhibit cytotoxicity when treated with milk ceramide and collagen peptides at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL. UVB exposure decreased cell viability, but treatment with the milk ceramide-collagen peptides mixtures (1:1, 1:3) prevented further viability loss and improved collagen peptides synthesis markers, including MMPs and TIMPs. The combination also enhanced moisture-related factors (AQP3, FLG) and reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β) and COX expression. In hairless mice, oral supplementation of milk ceramide-collagen peptides mixture (1:1 ratio) improved skin hydration, reduced erythema, TEWL, skin thickness, and wrinkle formation in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment also suppressed the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, promoting collagen peptides synthesis. Furthermore, the mixtures regulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, reducing inflammation and photoaging. These results suggest that the 1:1 milk ceramide-collagen peptides mixture effectively prevents UV-induced skin damage and photoaging by enhancing collagen peptides production and improving skin barrier function.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Liliaceae family) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant, that has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, for decades ranging from cancer to skin disorders including wounds. It has been included in the traditional and herbal healthcare systems of many cultures around the world, as well as the pharmacopeia of different countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also confirmed its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, etc. in the consistency of its historical and traditional uses. However, most studies to date are based on the A. vera gel and latex including its wound-healing effects. Very few studies have been focused on its flower, and rarely with its effects on cutaneous wound healing and its molecular mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the synergistic effect of the A. vera flower (AVF) and Aloe gel (PAG) on cutaneous wound-healing, as well as revealing its molecular mechanism targeting microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) and its associated signaling pathway. METHODS: To investigate the synergistic effect of A. vera flower and Aloe gel in cutaneous wound healing, cell viability, and cell migration, as well proliferation assay was performed. This was followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses in wounded conditions to check the effects of this mixture on protein and mRNA levels in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) -mediated knockdown of MFAP4 in NHDF cells was performed followed by migration assay and cell cycle analysis, to confirm its role in cutaneous wound healing. Additionally, HaCaT cells were included in this study to evaluate its migratory and anti-inflammatory effects. RESULTS: Based on our obtained results, the PAG and AVF mixture synergistically induced the proliferation, migration, and especially ECM formation of NHDF cells by enhancing the expression of MFAP4. Other extracellular components associated with MFAP4 signaling pathway, such as fibrillin, collagen, elastin, TGF β, and

A dysregulation of the wound healing process can lead to the development of various intractable ulcers or excessive scar formation. Therefore it is essential to identify novel pharmacological strategies to promote wound healing and restore the mechanical integrity of injured tissue. The goal of the present study was to formulate a nano-complex containing melittin (MEL) and diclofenac (DCL) with the aim to evaluate their synergism and preclinical efficacy in an in vivo model of acute wound. After its preparation and characterization, the therapeutic potential of the combined nano-complexes was evaluated. MEL-DCL nano-complexes exhibited better regenerated epithelium, keratinization, epidermal proliferation, and granulation tissue formation, which in turn showed better wound healing activity compared to MEL, DCL, or positive control. The nano-complexes also showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity. Treatment of wounded skin with MEL-DCL nano-complexes showed significant reduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pro-inflammatory markers that was paralleled by a substantial increase in mRNA expression levels of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (Col1A1) and collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (Col4A1), and hydroxyproline content as compared to individual drugs. Additionally, MEL-DCL nano-complexes were able to significantly increase hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) proteins expression compared to single drugs or negative control group. SB431542, a selective inhibitor of type-1 TGF-β receptor, significantly prevented in our in vitro assay the wound healing process induced by the MEL-DCL nano-complexes, suggesting a key role of TGF-β1 in the wound closure. In conclusion, the nano-complex of MEL-DCL represents a novel pharmacological tool that can be topically applied to improve wound healing.

Skeletal muscle fibrosis and regeneration are modulated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. Amongst them, TGF-β1 is a highly potent pro-fibrotic factor, while TGF-β3 has been implicated to reduce scar formation and collagen production in skin and vocal mucosa. However, little is known about the individual and combined short- and long-term effects of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 on collagen expression in myoblasts and myotubes. Here we show that in C2C12 myoblasts TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 increased mRNA expression of Ctgf and Fgf-2 persistently after 3 h and of Col1A1 after 24 h, while TGF-β1+TGF-β3 mitigated these effects after 48 h incubation. Gene expression of Tgf-β1 was enhanced by TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 after 24 h and 48 h. However, Tgfbr1 mRNA expression was reduced at 48 h. After 48 h incubation with TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3, Col3A1 and Col4A1 mRNA expression levels were decreased. Myoblasts produced collagen after three days incubation with TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 in a dose independent manner. Collagen deposition was doubled when myoblasts differentiated into myotubes and TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 did not stimulate collagen production any further. TGF-β type I receptor (TGFBR1) inhibitor, LY364947, suppressed TGF-βs-induced collagen production. Collagen I expression was higher in myotubes than in myoblasts. TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 inhibited myotube differentiation which was antagonized by LY364947. These results indicate that both C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes produce collagen. Whereas TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 individually and simultaneously stimulate collagen production in C2C12 differentiating myoblasts, in myotubes these effects are less prominent. In muscle cells, TGF-β3 is ineffective to antagonize TGF-β1-induced collagen production.

TGF-β-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a newly recognized source of profibrotic activated myofibroblasts and has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of various fibrotic processes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the development of tissue fibrosis but its participation in TGF-β-induced EndoMT has not been studied. Here we evaluated the role of ET-1 on TGF-β1-induced EndoMT in immunopurified CD31+/CD102+ murine lung microvascular endothelial cells. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), of relevant profibrotic genes, and of various transcription factors involved in the EndoMT process were assessed employing quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence histology and Western blot analysis. TGF-β1 caused potent induction of EndoMT whereas ET-1 alone had a minimal effect. However, ET-1 potentiated TGF-β1-induced EndoMT and TGF-β1-stimulated expression of mesenchymal cell specific and profibrotic genes and proteins. ET-1 also induced expression of the TGF-β receptor 1 and 2 genes, suggesting a plausible autocrine mechanism to potentiate TGF-β-mediated EndoMT and fibrosis. Stimulation of TGF-β1-induced skin and lung fibrosis by ET-1 was confirmed in vivo in an animal model of TGF-β1-induced tissue fibrosis. These results suggest a novel role for ET-1 in the establishment and progression of tissue fibrosis.

Dermal wound healing, in which transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plays an important role, is a complex process. Previous studies suggest that vitamin D has a potential regulatory role in TGFβ1 induced activation in bone formation, and there is cross-talk between their signaling pathways, but research on their effects in other types of wound healing is limited. The authors therefore wanted to explore the role of vitamin D and its interaction with low concentration of TGFβ1 in dermal fibroblast-mediated wound healing through an in vitro study. Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with vitamin D, TGFβ1, both, or vehicle, and then the wound healing functions of dermal fibroblasts were measured. To further explore possible mechanisms explaining the synergistic effect of vitamin D and TGFβ1, targeted gene silencing of the vitamin D receptor was performed. Compared to either factor alone, treatment of fibroblasts with both vitamin D and low concentration of TGFβ1 increased gene expression of TGFβ1, connective tissue growth factor, and fibronectin 1, and enhanced fibroblast migration, myofibroblast formation, and collagen production. Vitamin D receptor gene silencing blocked this synergistic effect of vitamin D and TGFβ1 on both collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation. Thus a synergistic effect of vitamin D and low TGFβ1 concentration was found in dermal fibroblast-mediated wound healing in vitro. This study suggests that supplementation of vitamin D may be an important step to improve wound healing and regeneration in patients with a vitamin D deficiency. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Age-related skin thinning is correlated with a decrease in the content of collagen in the skin. Accumulating evidence suggests that collagen peptide (CP) and vitamin C (VC) transcriptionally upregulate type I collagen in vivo. However, the additive effects of CP and VC on age-related skin changes remain unclear. We herein demonstrate that CP and a VC derivative additively corrected age-related skin thinning via reduced oxidative damage in superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1)-deficient mice. Co-treatment with these compounds significantly normalized the altered gene expression of Col1a1, Has2, and Ci1, a proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter, in Sod1(-/-) skin. The in vitro analyses further revealed that collagen oligopeptide, a digestive product of ingested CP, significantly promoted the bioactivity of the VC derivative with respect to the migration and proliferation of Sod1(-/-) fibroblasts. These findings suggest that combined treatment with CP and VC is effective in cases of age-related skin pathology.

BACKGROUND: A healthy skin provides protection against intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Skin aging is characterized by structural and morphological alterations affecting skin health, integrity, and functionality, resulting in visible aging signs. AIM: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of a collagen peptide dietary supplement on skin aging in the East Asian population. METHODS: Eighty-five healthy women, aged from 43 to 65 years old, were randomly assigned to the collagen supplement (CP, 5 g) or placebo (maltodextrin, 5 g) group. To standardize daily skin care, the volunteers in both groups used a specific face cream for 28 days prior to and throughout the supplementation period, creating an equal baseline for the assessment of the efficacy of CP on several skin parameters. At baseline, day 28 and day 84, the following hallmarks of skin and nail aging were assessed: dermis density, skin moisture and elasticity, wrinkle visibility, beauty perception, and nail color. RESULTS: After 84 days, a significant improvement of dermis density and skin moisture was observed in the collagen peptides group compared to the placebo group. Positive effects on skin elasticity, wrinkle visibility, nail color, and overall beauty perception were already observed within 28 days of supplementation in the CP group, while the same effects in the placebo group were only observed after 84 days. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results show that, in addition to a standardized skin care, daily supplementation with 5 g of collagen peptides positively affects visible signs of skin and nail aging in the East Asian population. © 2024 Rousselot BV. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Previous studies have reported that collagen tripeptide (CTP) derived from collagen hydrolysate has various beneficial effects on health by protecting against skin aging and improving bone formation and cartilage regeneration. Collagen-Tripep20TM (CTP20), which is a low-molecular-weight CTP derived from fish skin, contains a bioactive CTP, Gly-Pro-Hyp >3.2% with a tripeptide content >20%. Herein, we investigated the osteogenic effects and mechanisms of CTP20 (<500 Da) on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and SW1353 chondrocytes. And we measured promoting ratio of the longitudinal bone growth in childhood rats. First, CTP20 at 100 μg/mL elevated the proliferation (15.0% and 28.2%), alkaline phosphatase activity (29.3% and 32.0%), collagen synthesis (1.25- and 1.14-fold), and calcium deposition (1.18- and 1.15-fold) in MG-63 cells and SW1353, respectively. In addition, we found that CTP20 could promote the longitudinal growth and height of the growth plate of the tibia in childhood rats. CTP20 enhanced the protein expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in MG-63 and SW1353 cells, and in the growth plate of childhood rats, along with Janus Kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation in MG-63 and SW1353 cells. CTP20 also elevated the expression levels of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in MG-63 and SW1353 cells and in the growth plates of childhood rats. These results indicate that CTP20 may promote the endochondral ossification and longitudinal bone growth, through enhancing of IGF-1 and BMPs. (Clinical Trial Registration number: smecae 19-09-01).

Orally administered collagen peptides could contribute to antiaging by replacing the degraded extracellular matrix proteins caused by photoaging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides for treating photoaged and dry skin. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blinded trial, we randomly assigned study participants (n = 100) to either the test product group or placebo group at a 1:1 ratio for 12 weeks. The wrinkle scale score, eye wrinkle volume, roughness parameters, such as the average maximum height of the wrinkle (Rz), arithmetic average within the total measuring length of the wrinkle (Ra), maximum profile valley depth of the wrinkle (Rv), and skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), overall elasticity (R2), and ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation (R7) were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Safety assessments with serial blood tests were also conducted. Efficacy assessments of data from 84 participants were conducted as the per-protocol analysis. After 12 weeks, the 10-grade crow's feet photo scale score, eye wrinkle volume, skin roughness parameters (Rz, Ra, and Rv), skin elasticity (R2 and R7), skin hydration, and TEWL were significantly improved in the test product group compared to the placebo group. There were no adverse events or abnormalities according to laboratory analysis associated with using the test material during the study period. This study showed that the oral supplementation of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides could improve the wrinkles, elasticity, hydration, and barrier integrity of photoaged facial skin. This clinical study was registered with the Korean Clinical Research Information Service and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (No: KCT0006500).

Maintaining a youthful appearance is a common desire among the aging population. Loss of elasticity and dermal density constitutes major causes of wrinkle formation during skin aging. In particular, periorbital wrinkles comprise the critical assessment point of skin aging. To address these issues, cosmetic industries have been making increasing efforts to develop efficient agents against wrinkle formation. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is a tripeptide sequence used for surface coating because of its integrin-binding property. However, its pharmacological properties on skin have not yet been studied. Here, we synthesize the novel palmitoyl-Arg-Gly-Asp (Palm-RGD) and investigate its effects on periorbital wrinkle formation by clinical and in vitro studies. We observed that Palm-RGD cream application for 12 weeks decreased global photodamage and skin roughness (R1, R2, R3, and Ra) scores without causing skin irritation. In addition, topical application of Palm-RGD cream time-dependently increased skin elasticity and dermal density. An in vitro study using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) demonstrated increased type I procollagen production by Palm-RGD treatment. Furthermore, Palm-RGD suppressed MMP-1 expression in HDFs. Our results demonstrate that Palm-RGD has protective effects against wrinkle formation, likely through the activation of collagen expression and the protection against collagen degradation. Therefore, Palm-RGD could be used as a potential agent for the prevention of wrinkle formation consequent to aging.

Photoaging accounts for most age-related changes in skin appearance. It has been suggested that both astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, and collagen hydrolysate can be used as antiaging modalities in photoaged skin. However, there is no clinical study using astaxanthin combined with collagen hydrolysate. We investigated the effects of using a combination of dietary astaxanthin and collagen hydrolysate supplementation on moderately photoaged skin in humans. A total of 44 healthy subjects were recruited and treated with astaxanthin (2 mg/day) combined with collagen hydrolysate (3 g/day) or placebos, which were identical in appearance and taste to the active supplementation for 12 weeks. The elasticity and hydration properties of facial skin were evaluated using noninvasive objective devices. In addition, we also evaluated the expression of procollagen type I, fibrillin-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and -12, and ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage in artificially UV-irradiated buttock skin before and after treatment. The supplement group showed significant improvements in skin elasticity and transepidermal water loss in photoaged facial skin after 12 weeks compared with the placebo group. In the supplement group, expression of procollagen type I mRNA increased and expression of MMP-1 and -12 mRNA decreased compared with those in the placebo group. In contrast, there was no significant difference in UV-induced DNA damage between groups. These results demonstrate that dietary astaxanthin combined with collagen hydrolysate can improve elasticity and barrier integrity in photoaged human facial skin, and such treatment is well tolerated.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, symmetrical, and inflammatory autoimmune disease that initially affects small joints, progressing to larger joints, and eventually the skin, eyes, heart, kidneys, and lungs. It has been recorded that RA affects 0.5%-1% of the adult population of developed regions. It initially affects small joints, progressing to larger joints, and eventually the skin, eyes, heart, kidneys, and lungs. Often, the bone and cartilage of joints are destroyed, and tendons and ligaments weaken. All this damage to the joints causes deformities and bone erosion, usually very painful for a patient. RA by producing inflammatory cytokines and proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases that perpetuate joint destruction by abnormal proliferation of synovium. Under the influence of synovial cells, cytokines such as - Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-17 chondrocytes are destroyed by apoptosis. Again the extracellular matrix secretes a proteinase called MMPs that damages the type 2 collagen fibers of the cartilage matrix causing biomechanical changes to the joint movements. This way with destruction of articular cartilage of the joint surface by hyperplastic synovium leads to a reduction of joint space. The difference between the hyaline cartilage of the articular surface and other hyaline cartilage is that articular hyaline cartilage never undergoes regeneration. With limited membrane permeability and poor gastrointestinal stability, monoclonal antibodies (mABs) do not have good oral bioavailability (<1%). For this reason, they are usually not administered orally, and parenteral administration is mostly by intravenous, subcutaneous (SC), and intramuscular (IM) injections. When mABs are injected IM or SC, the absorption process from the site of injection is through the interstitial space and into the lymphatic system, with subsequent draining into the systemic circulation. Although IM and SC routes of administration offer lower bioavailability because of proteolytic degradation in the interstitial fluid or the lymphatic system, the SC route is the most widely used due to convenience and the possibility of pa

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) are one huge promise in skin regenerative medicine, similar in advantages to stem cells with low immunerejection and tumor formations. These microvesicles are laden with microRNAs, which assist in wound healing via angiogenesis and immune modulation. However, quick degradation and poor cellular uptake limit their regenerative capacity. Thanks to their adjustable characteristics, hydrogels can act as vehicles for transporting and sustainably releasing miRNA-SC-EVs at injury sites. Therefore, a systematic literature review was conducted on miRNA-enriched SC-EVs incorporated into hydrogels in animal skin regeneration models published from 2010 to 2024 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024588072). Out of the 89 records, 12 met the criteria. Diabetic wounds are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and defective macrophage polarization, resulting in less satisfactory regeneration. The hydrogels tackled these issues by shifting macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to a healing M2 phenotype, promoting collagen production, enhancing fibroblast movement, and boosting angiogenesis. Burn injuries frequently lead to slow recovery due to hypertrophic scarring, extended inflammation, and infection. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-derived hydrogels, infused with miR-21-5p and surface-treated with polydopamine and cationic antimicrobial peptides, promoted wound healing by lowering scarring and demonstrating anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic characteristics. The cell adhesion of these hydrogels can be enhanced by adding MOFs, chitosan, and extracellular matrix elements. The application of stimulus-responsive or stage-specific hydrogels is another mode of targeted healing. Further research and clinical trials will enhance the wound-healing efficiency of hybrid hydrogels. © 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Background and objectives: Due to the regeneration potential of growth factors (GFs) and platelet concentrates (PCs), facial rejuvenation has been a major area of attention in esthetic medicine. The effectiveness and safety of PCs and GFs in promoting face rejuvenation are examined in this systematic review, which is complemented by a case series. GFs are essential for collagen production and dermal matrix remodeling, while PCs, like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), are abundant in bioactive chemicals that promote tissue healing and cellular regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on human clinical trials published between February 2019 and February 2024 related to PRP and facial esthetics. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Conclusions: The review summarizes the most recent data on patient outcomes, treatment regimens, and possible hazards. The case series that goes with it shows real-world examples of how to improve skin elasticity, texture, and general facial appearance with little negative side effects. These results highlight the potential use of PCs and GFs as minimally invasive procedures.

The rate of caesarean section (CS) is increasing worldwide. Defects in uterine healing have a major gynaecological and obstetric impact (uterine rupture, caesarean scar defect, caesarean scar pregnancy, placenta accreta spectrum). The complex process of cellular uterine healing after surgery, and specifically after CS, remains poorly understood in contrast to skin wound healing. This literature review on uterine wound healing was mainly based on histological observations, particularly after CS. The primary objective of the review was to examine the effects of CS on uterine tissue at the cellular level, based on histological observations. The secondary objectives were to describe the biomechanical characteristics and the therapies used to improve scar tissue after CS. This review was performed using PRISMA criteria, and PubMed was the data source. The study included all clinical and animal model studies with CS and histological analysis of the uterine scar area (macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical and biomechanical). Twenty studies were included: 10 human and 10 animal models. In total, 533 female humans and 511 female animals were included. Review articles, meeting abstracts, case series, case reports, and abstracts without access to full-text were excluded. The search was limited to studies published in English. No correlation was found between cutaneous and uterine healing. The histology of uterine scars is characterized by disorganized smooth muscle, fibrosis with collagen fibres and fewer endometrial glands. As for skin healing, the initial inflammation phase and mediation of some growth factors (particularly connective tissue growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, tumour necrosis factor α and tumour necrosis factor β) seem to be essential. This initial phase has an impact on the subsequent phases of proliferation and maturation. Collagen appears to play a key role in the initial granulation tissue to replace the loss of substance. Subsequent maturation of the scar tissue is essential, with a decrease in collagen and smooth muscle restoration. Unlike skin, the glandular structure of uterine tissue could b

BACKGROUND: Keloids are common benign skin lesions originating from a disorganized fibroproliferative collagen response; these lesions often lead to both physical and psychological problems. The optimal treatment for keloids is yet to be standardized. Intralesional injection, which is simple and nontraumatic, is one of the most commonly used treatment modalities for these lesions. In this study, we compared 5 different drugs (intralesional injections) for the treatment of keloids in terms of efficacy. METHODS: We systemically searched relevant studies on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), botulinum toxin A (BTA), verapamil, and bleomycin were included in this study. RESULTS: This network meta-analysis included a total of 1114 patients from 20 randomized controlled trials. Botulinum toxin A alone and TAC plus 5-FU exhibited significantly better efficacy than did 5-FU, TAC, and verapamil. No significant difference in efficacy between BTA alone and TAC combined with 5-FU was observed. No significant differences were noted in the adverse event rate between BTA, TAC plus 5-FU, 5-FU, and TAC. Furthermore, we performed surface under the cumulative ranking curve analyses to predict the rank of each intervention (by efficacy and adverse event rate). The predicted ranking by efficacy was as follows: TAC plus 5-FU, BTA, bleomycin, TAC, 5-FU, and verapamil; the predicted ranking by adverse events was as follows: TAC, 5-FU, TAC plus 5-FU, and BTA. Funnel plot analysis revealed no publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin A and TAC plus 5-FU appear to have outstanding therapeutic efficacy for keloids. The rate of adverse events was similar among BTA, TAC, 5-FU, and TAC plus 5-FU. Nonetheless, additional reviews of rigorous, large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted for further validation of our findings.

Peptides used in aesthetic dermatology differ in molecular identity, biological target, formulation, and route of administration. This critical narrative review classifies these agents and examines their direct or indirect relationships with dermal fibroblasts, integrating mechanistic, delivery, and clinical evidence. Matrikine-like and copper-binding peptides influence matrix-related responses in experimental systems, whereas neuromodulatory and pigment-modulating peptides primarily act through other cellular targets. Oral collagen hydrolysates provide amino acids and circulating hydroxyproline-containing peptides with fibroblast activity demonstrated mainly in preclinical models. Lipidation, encapsulation, and microneedles can modify exposure, but delivery-system effects complicate attribution to the peptide. Controlled human studies report improvements in selected skin endpoints, including wrinkles, hydration, elasticity, dermal density, and pigmentation; however, many trials are limited by small samples, short follow-up, industry sponsorship, or multi-ingredient formulations. Current evidence supports product-specific interpretation rather than interchangeability across peptide classes or administration routes. It does not establish universal purity thresholds, commercial shelf lives, or safety of degraded formulations. Future studies should connect characterized composition and verified exposure with cell-specific mechanisms, objective clinical outcomes, and route-appropriate safety assessment.

BACKGROUND: Skin aging involves intrinsic chronological aging and extrinsic photoaging, characterized by impaired barrier function, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and chronic inflammation. METHODS: This study evaluated anti-aging efficacy and mechanisms of ergothioneine (EGT), collagen peptides (CP) and sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) using an ex vivo human skin model and a clinical trial. RESULTS: Ex vivo results showed that the EGT+CP+NaHA triple combination (TC) attenuated UV-induced epithelial thinning and collagen fiber disruption. Mechanistically, TC enhanced antioxidant capacity by up-regulating Nrf2 and SOD2 expression, modulated the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) via restoring TGF-β1 and suppressing IL-1α, IL-6, and MMP1 levels, and preserved ECM integrity by reversing reductions in collagen I, III, IV, VII, XVII, and hyaluronic acid (HA) contents. Clinically, oral TC to Chinese women improved skin hydration, elasticity, and barrier function, while reducing the number, depth, area, and volume of crow's feet wrinkles, nasolabial folds and marionette lines. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that TC exerts multifaceted anti-aging effects by targeting oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, and ECM

BACKGROUND: Antiaging skin treatments are continuously in development to meet the needs of an aging population and counteract cosmetic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Peptide Facial Refining Concentrate (ST26-PF-F1) serum contains multiple bioactive peptides within a penetrative delivery system. A clinical study of ST26-PF-F1 assessed its effects on skin health/appearance and tolerability/usability. METHODS: This noncomparative 12-week study enrolled healthy females aged 45 years or older, Fitzpatrick phototypes I&ndash;VI, with evidence of skin aging. Participants applied ST26-PF-F1 twice daily. Efficacy (expert evaluation, instrumental measurements, confocal microscopy, and participant self-assessments) and tolerability/safety (dermatologist and participant reporting) were assessed at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements from baseline were observed for expert evaluator global assessments of fine lines, skin elasticity and plumpness, and facial contour and facial sagging (all time points); and wrinkles and skin firmness (weeks 4, 8, and 12). Significant improvements were also observed in skin hydration and elasticity (all time points); wrinkle volume, depth, and skin texture (weeks 4, 8, and 12); and lifting effect and V-shape (week 12). Confocal microscopy showed statistically significant improvements in interkeratinocyte brightness, papilla morphology, and dermal collagen fibers at weeks 4 and 12 and surface uniformity and keratinocyte morphology at week 12. Participants reported skin improvements across multiple measures and overall product satisfaction. ST26-PF-F1 was well tolerated with no treatment-related stinging, itching, or discomforting sensations. CONCLUSION: Clinical, instrumental, and microscopy assessments of ST26-PF-F1 demonstrated wrinkle-modulating and filler-like effects, visibly more balanced-looking facial geometry, favorable tolerab

OBJECTIVE: Type III collagen plays a key role in maintaining skin elasticity and dermal resilience, yet its decline is associated with visible signs of skin ageing. This study aimed to establish a data-driven approach to identify cosmetic peptides with potential to enhance type III collagen through multi-target regulation. METHODS: A combined strategy integrating natural language processing (NLP) and knowledge graph (KG) analysis was applied to systematically identify targets associated with type III collagen regulation. Peptides listed in the Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China (IECIC) were screened based on structure-based molecular docking with multiple targets. Candidate peptides were selected for experimental evaluation using human dermal fibroblasts and ex vivo skin models. RESULTS: By integrating large-scale literature mining with NLP and KG-based gene interaction analysis, we constructed a comprehensive network of genes involved in type III collagen regulation, covering processes such as collagen synthesis, degradation and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. Based on this network, candidate peptides with predicted multi-target interactions were prioritized through structure-based screening. In vitro, four selected peptides-palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, acetyl hexapeptide-8, palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-10-significantly increased type III collagen levels following UV exposure, without detectable cytotoxicity. The combination of these peptides exhibited a greater effect than individual components. In ex vivo skin tissues, the peptide combination further

BACKGROUND/AIM: Fibrosis-associated soft tissue remodeling involves progressive alterations in extracellular matrix composition, vascular architecture and tissue biome

The skin not only provides protection and sensory functions for the body, but healthy skin also enhances self-esteem. Moreover, altered cutaneous function contributes to the development of extracutaneous disorders. Therefore, great efforts have been made to identify agents and natural ingredients that are safe and effective to improve cutaneous function. In this narrative review, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar for literature on the effects of collagen peptides on skin biophysical properties. Studies have demonstrated that oral peptide improves several cutaneous functions, including stratum corneum hydration, epidermal permeability barrier, elasticity, firmness and roughness, in part via upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal lipid synthesis, hyaluronic acid and collagen synthesis, and inhibition of inflammation, in addition to stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and aquaporin 3 expression. However, the heterogeneity among the included studies and their limited sample sizes preclude firm conclusions regarding the benefits of oral collagen peptides for cutaneous biophysical properties. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of different collagen peptide sources and types across individual skin biophysical outcomes. © 2026 Lei et al.

Addressing hair damage is essential for maintaining overall hair and scalp health. Previous studies have suggested that low-molecular-weight collagen peptides may support hair follicle biology through regulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis and cellular signaling pathways. In addition, recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight fish collagen peptides promote hair regrowth through activation of proliferative signaling and suppression of inhibitory pathways. However, their clinical efficacy in improving hair damage has not been clearly established. In this study, the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight collagen peptide GT (LMWCP GT) were evaluated in Korean adults with damaged hair. In a randomized,

Collagen VI-related myopathies (COL6-RM) are rare hereditary disorders characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction and skin manifestations, including keratosis pilaris, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. We recently found that alopecia is a novel and previously unrecognized scalp phenotype in COL6-RM; however, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms underlying hair follicle dysfunction in these patients remain incompletely understood. We performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and proteomic characterization of scalp biopsies from six COL6-RM patients presenting with hair loss and scalp itching. We found structural alterations in the hair follicle extracellular matrix architecture, particularly in the inner fibrous sheath surrounding the hair follicle. In addition, the analysis of the perifollicular adipose tissue and derived cell cultures showed changes in lipid droplet size consistent with a tendency toward cell hypertrophy. Strikingly, proteomic profiling of adipokines revealed a pro-inflammatory and extracellular matrix-remodeling signature. Consistent with inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling, CD68 macrophages and MMP2 expression were increased in the dermis of COL6-RM patients, particu

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Wound healing remains a demanding medical problem despite significant advances in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal, hair follicle and pluripotent stem cells are candidate populations for therapeutically relevant applications. Hair follicle bulge stem cells with scaffolds and growth factors can promote the healing of wounds. METHODS: This study explores a dual-layer electrospun nanofibrous wound dressing composed of PCL/SSD and PCL/COLL, enhanced with chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EGF and bFGF growth factors. Hair follicle bulge stem cells were seeded onto the scaffold and transplanted into rat skin wounds. RESULTS: FE‑SEM confirmed that the chitosan microspheres were uniformly spherical, ranging from nanoscale to ~1 µm. Thermal analysis showed a 28% weight loss up to 250°C and major degradation between 230°C and 450°C, indicating good thermal stability. About 50% of the encapsulated EGF and bFGF (6.5 ng from 2 mg microspheres) was released within 24 h, followed by sustained release. Biological assays demonstrated strong cell attachment, enhanced collagen deposition, and rapid tissue remodeling, with complete skin regeneration achieved by day 14. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a two-layered electrospun nanofibrous mat incorporating chitosan nanoparticles, growth factors, and hair follicle bulge stem cells significantly enhances wound healing in a rat model.

This study aims to investigate the phototoxic effects of imperatorin(IMO) and its potential mechanisms of inducing skin photodamage and cellular senescence. A phototoxicity model was established on the dorsal skin of SD rats, which were randomly divided into a control group, an IMO group(0.8 mg·cm~(-2)), a long-wave ultraviolet A(UVA) group(10 J·cm~(-2)), and an IMO + UVA group. The rats were continuously observed for 72 h, and Draize skin scores were assessed. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe histopathological changes, and Verhoeff-Van Gieson(VVG) staining was utilized to evaluate changes in dermal elastic and collagen fibers. Human dermal fibroblasts(HDF) were cultured in vitro and divided into control, IMO, UVA(1 J·cm~(-2)), and groups of IMO with low, medium, and high doses(1, 2.5, and 5 μg·mL~(-1)) + UVA. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the cell viability. Transcriptomics by RNA-seq was used to analyze the changes in gene expression. Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of the top 10 senescence-associated genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of senescence-associated secretor

Aging impairs quality of life, making experimental models essential to evaluate interventions that modulate age-related changes. This study aimed to characterize a modified D-galactose-induced aging model and explore the effects of intermittent low-dose ozone exposure on redox balance and functional outcomes. Twenty-seven 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to healthy, aging (D-galactose induction), and ozone-treated (D-galactose + ozone) groups. Plasma and skin MDA levels, SOD activity, and GSH levels were measured colorimetrically. Physical performance was assessed using physical health score, morbidity proportion, body weight, muscle strength (hanging test), hair regrowth, and skin structure (Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining). Compared with healthy rats, the aging group showed increased plasma MDA levels (p = 0.007), MDA/SOD ratios (p = 0.005), and MDA/GSH ratios (p = 0.016). In ozone-treated rats, plasma MDA and MDA/SOD tended to decrease compared with aging rats, while GSH tended to increase. In the skin, redox markers were comparable across groups, except for a significantly lower MDA/SOD ratio in the ozone-treated group (p = 0.043) compared with the aging group. D-Galactose induction reduced physical health (p = 0.017), increased morbidity, and tended to reduce body-weight gain and hanging ability. Ozone

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely utilized for skin rejuvenation and tissue regeneration; however, its biological effects vary according to leukocyte content and molecular composition. We investigated the mechanism by which leukocyte-rich PRP (L-PRP) enhances extracellular matrix (ECM) regeneration in aged skin, focusing on the CCL1-CCR8/pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) signaling axis. First, we demonstrated that L-PRP contains significantly higher levels of CCL1 than platelet-poor plasma (PPP). In senescent human dermal fibroblasts, L-PRP increased CCL1-CCR8 interactions in a manner linked to enhanced formation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 dimers. This enhancement was accompanied by Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway activation and the upregulation of STAT3-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and proliferative markers (Cyclin D1), resulting in increased fibroblast proliferat

Collagen peptides have been widely studied for their beneficial effects on skin health; however, their potential role in hair growth remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of orally administered low-molecular-weight fish collagen peptide (SH-GT) on hair regrowth and its underlying mechanisms in a hair-removed C57BL/6J mouse model. Mice were administered SH-GT (100, 300, or 600 mg/kg body weight) or a positive control (Pansidil, 400 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. SH-GT significantly enhanced hair regrowth, as evidenced by the increased hair growth area. Histological analysis revealed increased dermal thickness and visible hair follicle structures in SH-GT-treated groups. At the molecular level, SH-GT upregulated proliferation-related proteins, including PCNA and Cyclin D1, and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, SH-GT enhanced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, suggesting improved cellular growth and survival. Conversely, SH-GT suppressed hair growth inhibitory pathways by reducing BMP4 expression and decreasing Smad phosphorylation. Furthermore, SH-GT increased the mRNA expression of growth factors such as IGF-1, HGF, VEGF, EGF, and FGF7. In conclusion, SH-GT promotes hair regro

Diabetic wounds often result in non-healing chronic ulcers due to prolonged inflammation, oxidative stress and impaired tissue regeneration. Current hydrophilic wound dressings primarily function as absorption dressings and have limited tissue regeneration capabilities, leading to extended healing periods. Peptides have been identified as therapeutic macromolecules with several cellular modulatory functions. They possess cell adhesion, matrix formation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and tissue regenerative properties that are essential for wound healing. Therefore, a novel fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-substituted arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (FRGD) oligopeptide was co-incorporated with mesoporous silica into poloxamer 407/PEG 8000 hydrogel base in five formulations (F0-F4) intended to modulate the impaired regenerative microenvironment of diabetic wounds. Formulations were characterised for pH, texture, rheology, morphology, DSC and FT-IR, and the formulations were evaluated in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats with full-thickness dorsal excisional wounds using daily topical application for 15 days. Healing outcomes were assessed by wound closure measurements, h

The transdermal delivery of hydrophilic low-molecular collagen peptides (MW ∼5 kDa,) remains a major dermatological barrier, owing to the strong barrier function of the stratum corneum. While recombinant collagen peptides