MSM (Skin/Hair)

Scoparone (SP) is a naturally occurring coumarin widely distributed in various medicinal plants. Owing to immunosuppressive properties, SP has long been recognized as one of the principal bioactive compounds in traditional liver-protective preparations. For the first time, this study presents a systematic review of its phytochemical investigations, structural elucidation, biosynthesis, pharmacological values, synthetic advancements, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism. SP was identified as a major compound in several medicinal species, particularly the genera Artemisia and Citrus, and its biosynthesis involves enzymatic transformations of phenylpropanoid precursors. SP induces cell death programs against the growth of tumor cells, and inhibits inflammatory mediators in anti-inflammatory action. It also exhibited antidiarrheal, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antileishmanial, anti-insect, antiplatelet, and vasorelaxant activities. Notably, SP exerts protective actions on multiple organs, including the liver, heart, brain, bone, lungs, pancreas, stomach, skin, hair, and penile tissues. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated its molecular mechanisms of action, with the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway being the most frequently proposed. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that SP is rapidly distributed and eliminated in the body through demethylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and conjugation with other functional groups. Further preclinical and clinical studies are encouraged to validate its pharmacological potential. In addition, synthetic modification and formulation optimization aimed at improving its bioavailability and metabolic stability will be crucial for future drug development.

IMPORTANCE: Patients undergoing cancer treatment experience a multitude of skin, hair, and nail adverse events, prompting them to use non-evidence-based and often restrictive over-the-counter (OTC) recommendations to alleviate their symptoms. Comprehensively assessing evidence-based OTC modalities is crucial to enable cancer patients to comfortably resume their lives post-treatment and integrate clinically sound practices into their self-care routines. OBJECTIVE: Perform a systematic review and assessment of evidence-based OTC skin, hair, and nail care recommendations for adult patients undergoing cancer treatment. EVIDENCE REVIEW: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline databases were searched in March 2023 to identify English articles addressing OTC skin, hair, and nail care recommendations for adult patients before, during, and after cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy (RT). Quality was assessed with Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine criteria. FINDINGS: 2192 unique articles were screened, of which 77 met inclusion criteria consisting of 54 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 8 non-randomized controlled cohorts, 1 non-randomized controlled clinical trial, 3 controlled prospective cohorts, 4 prospective cohorts, 2 controlled clinical trials, 1 prospective comparative study, 2 case reports, and 2 case series discussing 9322 patients. An additional article outside of our database search was included for a total of 78 articles. OTC skin care treatments with the best quality of evidence included moisturizing creams. Our review revealed a paucity of evidence-based hair and nail care practices. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This systematic review serves to highlight the efficacy of diverse OTC skin, hair, and nail care recommendations for adult cancer patients while encouraging further clinical trials to establish evidence-based management guidelines. © 2024. The Author(s).

BACKGROUND: Psychological and mental health difficulties are common in children and young people (CYP) living with skin conditions and can have a profound impact on wellbeing. There is limited guidance on how best to assess and support the mental health of this population, who are at risk of poor health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To provide consensus-based recommendations on the assessment and monitoring of and support for mental health difficulties in CYP with skin conditions (affecting the skin, hair and nails); to address practical clinical implementation questions relating to consensus guidance; and to provide audit and research recommendations. METHODS: This set of recommendations was developed with reference to the AGREE II instrument. A systematic review and literature appraisal was carried out. A multidisciplinary consensus group was convened, with two virtual panel meetings held: an initial meeting to discuss the scope of the study, to review the current evidence and to identify areas for development; and a second meeting to agree on the content and wording of the recommendations. Recommendations were then circulated to stakeholders, following which amendments were made and agreed by email. RESULTS: The expert panel achieved consensus on 11 recommendations for healthcare workers managing CYP with skin conditions. A new patient-completed history-taking aid ('You and Your Skin') was developed and is being piloted. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations focus on improved mental health assessments for CYP presenting with a skin condition, with clinical guidance and suggested screening measures included. Information on accessing psychological support for CYP, when required, is given, and recommendations for staff training in mental health and neurodiversity provided. Embedding a psychosocial approach within services treating CYP with skin disease should ensure that CYP with psychological needs are able to be identified, listened to, supported and treated. This is likely to improve health outcomes. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.

BACKGROUND: Fungal infections in skin, hair and nails affect up to 25 % of the global population. Conventional antifungal treatment is effective but due to resistance, treatment failure, drug interactions, and treatment related toxicity, there is a need for alternative treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown antimicrobial properties and is used increasingly for fungal infections. This review investigates the reported efficacy and side effects of PDT of superficial mycoses. METHODS: Pubmed and Embase were searched 26-01-2020 for "superficial fungal infections" and "photodynamic therapy" in "Human subjects" using a predefined search string. Criteria for inclusion were: clinical trials and cases involving PDT-treated patients with primary fungal infections in skin, hair and nails. Criteria for exclusion were: languages other than English, animal models, in vitro trials, secondary fungal infections, reviews and guidelines. RESULTS: 541 records were identified and 34 papers fulfilled the criteria. PDT of onychomycosis (n = 380 patients) found treatment with methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer (PS) more efficacious with complete cure rates of 70 %-80 % than 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT (mycological cure rates of 17 %-57 %) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT (mycological cure rate of 32 %). Other PDT-treated fungal diseases included (n = 55): foot infections (n = 19), tinea cruris (n = 10), scalp infections (n = 2), Malassezia infections (n = 9) and subcutaneous fungal infections (n = 15) achieved promising effect. CONCLUSION: PDT-treatment of superficial mycoses can be efficacious as salvage therapy. In the light of increasing resistance and few licensed treatment alternatives, larger randomized controlled trials investigations and optimization of the PDT-treatment protocol are warranted to evaluate PDT's potential as a future antifungal treatment.

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine is associated with myriad adverse dermatologic effects, most of which are poorly characterized by the literature, with unknown frequencies and risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the adverse dermatologic effects and predisposing factors of hydroxychloroquine toxicity. RESULTS: The review included 94 articles comprising 689 dermatologic adverse effects. A total of 21 unique dermatologic reactions were reported, most commonly drug eruption or rash (358 cases), cutaneous hyperpigmentation (116), pruritus (62), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (27), Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (26), hair loss (12), and stomatitis (11). Almost all underlying conditions were rheumatologic or autoimmune in nature, composed primarily of lupus erythematous (72% of all cases) and rheumatoid arthritis (14%). The range of reported mean cumulative dosages was wide, with some adverse reactions found after as little as 3 g or as much as 2500 g. LIMITATIONS: Dermatologic adverse events and primary diagnoses related to the use of hydroxychloroquine may be under-reported as only case reports and clinical trials that reported at least 1 dermatologic adverse effect were included. CONCLUSION: Although hydroxychloroquine is generally well tolerated, dermatologic adverse effects involving the skin, hair, or nails are a frequent and significant complication. Most of these reactions occurred after treatment of autoimmune conditions, often manifesting on the skin after a wide range of cumulative dosages.

IMPORTANCE: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia as well as nail and cutaneous changes occur in up to 89% of patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy and are associated with cosmetic concerns, psychosocial distress, and overall morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and safety of interventions to prevent taxane-induced dermatologic adverse events. EVIDENCE REVIEW: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed for studies published in the English language from January 1, 1980, to August 13, 2018. Specific search terms included but were not limited to taxane, docetaxel, paclitaxel, prevent, nail, skin, hair, alopecia, and onycholysis. Primary clinical studies that detailed preventive interventions for taxane-induced dermatologic adverse events and that classified results according to a taxane-specific chemotherapy regimen were reviewed and graded according to a 5-point scale, modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. FINDINGS: The 34 original reports that met the inclusion criteria consisted of 6 randomized clinical trials, 4 nonrandomized clinical trials, 18 cohort studies, 3 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, and 2 case reports and involved a total of 5647 unique participants. A total of 22 studies addressed preventive interventions for alopecia associated with taxane use, whereas 12 studies focused on taxane-induced skin and nail changes. Specifically, 20 (95%) of 21 studies supported the use of either a cold cap or a scalp cooling system to reduce alopecia but reported substantial differences in efficacy depending on the chemotherapy regimen. Scalp cooling was generally considered safe by all pertinent studies despite a single report of scalp skin metastasis. Similarly, use of frozen gloves and frozen socks in the prevention of nail and cutaneous hand and foot toxic effects was considered safe in 7 (88%) of 8 studies, although discomfort was common and frostbite was noted in 1 patient. Overall, use of frozen gloves was endorsed by 4 (67%) of 6 studies to prevent nail toxic effects and by 3 (60%) of 5 studies to prevent cutaneous hand changes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Scalp hypothermia with cold caps or scalp cooli

Clinical diagnosis of inflammatory skin disorders (ISD), including hair and nail disorders, is not always straightforward. Not uncommonly, a punch biopsy may be required. Dermoscopy and videodermoscopy (VD) are non-invasive techniques that are used for in vivo examination of the skin, hair, and nails. Both techniques can contribute to determining the accurate diagnosis of common ISD and can be useful for assessing treatment effects. However, the value of VD over conventional dermoscopy for ISD is undetermined. We systematically searched and reviewed the current published literature on ISD evaluated by VD and dermoscopy in the electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. All studies were assessed for quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology and Cochrane checklist. Finally, 82 studies were eligible for inclusion. An overview is presented of the (video)dermoscopic features for common ISD diagnoses, with details regarding the level of accuracy and features that should be monitored during treatment. Although both techniques are promising, studies of high methodological quality are necessary to determine the value of VD over conventional dermoscopy for common ISD.

Taxanes (docetaxel and paclitaxel) are among the most commonly prescribed anticancer drugs approved for the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, gastric, head and neck, and ovarian cancers, as well as in the adjuvant setting for operable node-positive breast cancers. Although the true incidence of dermatological adverse events (AEs) in patients receiving taxanes is not known, and has never been prospectively analysed, they clearly represent one of the major AEs associated with these agents. With an increase in the occurrence of cutaneous AEs during treatment with novel targeted and immunological therapies when used in combination with taxanes, a thorough understanding of reactions attributable to this class is imperative. Moreover, identification and management of dermatological AEs is critical for maintaining the quality of life in cancer patients and for minimizing dose modifications of their antineoplastic regimen. This analysis represents a systematic review of the dermatological conditions reported with the use of these drugs, complemented by experience at comprehensive cancer centres. The conditions reported herein include skin, hair, and nail toxicities. Lastly, we describe the dermatological data available for the new, recently FDA-and EMA- approved, solvent-free nab-paclitaxel.

BACKGROUND: Keratin hydrolysates are active components used in food supplements to alleviate aging signs on skin, hair, and nails. AIMS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluates a novel keratin hydrolysate obtained from poultry feathers. This feather keratin hydrolysate (FKH) results in a characteristic mix of free L-amino acids (≥ 83.5%). FKH was administered as a food supplement to a panel of adult women showing aging physiological signs. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned in three groups to receive daily dosages of 500 or 1000 mg of FKH or placebo for 90 days. Parameters of skin roughness, wrinkle features, deep skin moisturization, skin maximum elongation and elasticity, skin thickness, skin anisotropy, skin density, gloss of skin, hair and nails, and nail hardness were evaluated. Subjects also answered a questionnaire related to the treatment efficacy perception. RESULTS: Both FKH treatments showed a significant improvement of all parameters compared to day 0 and to placebo, with an exception for fiber anisotropy and fiber density which showed a significant improvement compared to day 0 and a tendency to improve compared to placebo. These measurements were bolstered by the results of a self-assessment questionnaire, showing an overall set of positive answers for both treatments compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Oral supplementation of FKH for 90 days is associated with an improvement in the appearance of facial skin, hair, and nails. This study highlights the benefits of free L-amino acids mix as potential aminobiotics and not just as building blocks of proteins, suggesting a new perspective of nutricosmetic food. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

BACKGROUND: Sexual minority men with HIV are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have been underrepresented in behavioral research and clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore perceptions of HIV-related comorbidities and assess the interest in and usability of a virtual environment for CVD prevention education in Black and Latinx sexual minority men with HIV. METHODS: This is a 3-phase pilot behavioral randomized controlled trial. We report on formative phases 1 and 2 that informed virtual environment content and features using qualitative interviews, usability testing, and beta testing with a total of 25 individuals. In phase 1, a total of 15 participants completed interviews exploring HIV-related illnesses of concern that would be used to tailor the virtual environment. In phase 2, usability testing and beta testing were conducted with 10 participants to assess interest, features, and content. RESULTS: In phase 1, we found that CVD risk factors included high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Cancer (prostate, colon, and others) was a common concern, as were mental health conditions. In phase 2, all participants completed the 12-item usability checklist with favorable feedback within 30 to 60 minutes. Beta-testing interviews suggested (1) mixed perceptions of health and HIV, (2) high risk for comorbid conditions, (3) virtual environment features were promising, and (4) the need for diverse avatar representations. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several comorbid conditions of concern, and findings carry significant implications for mitigating barriers to preventive health screenings, given the shared risk factors between HIV and related comorbidities. Highly rated aspects of the virtual environment were anonymity; meeting others with HIV who identify as gay or bisexual; validating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) images and content; and accessibility to CVD prevention education. Critical end-user feedback from beta testing suggested more options for avatar customization in skin, hair, and body representation. Our next phase will test the virtual environment as a new approach

Plant-derived secondary metabolites (polyphenols/terpenes/alkaloids) and microbial exometabolites/membrane components of fermented tropical fruits are known as highly bioavailable biomolecules causing skin and hair improvement effects (wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiacne, skin/hair microbiota balancing, hair growth-promoting, and hair loss-inhibiting). Caffein is considered as a hair growth promoter. A randomized placebo- and caffein-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of fermented papaya (FP) plus fermented mangosteen (FM) towards human hair quality and loss was conducted. Shampoo and lotion hair care products containing FP, FM, and caffein as active agents were developed and applied to 154 subjects of both sexes with clinically confirmed androgenic or diffuse alopecia for 3 months. Their clinical efficacy was assessed subjectively by questionnaires filled in by dermatologists/trichologists, and by the objective trichomicroscopical calculations. Hair and scalp skin quality was determined by microbiota pattern and ATP, SH-groups, protein, and malonyl dialdehyde quantification. Comparative clinical data showed that the experimental hair care cosmetics significantly inhibited hair loss, increased hair density/thickness, and improved hair follicle structure versus placebo and caffein controls. The cosmetics with FP and FM substantially normalized the microbiota pattern and increased ATP content in hair follicle, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the scalp skin, and SH-group formation in the hair shaft.

BACKGROUND: Human hair follicles (HFs) express the olfactory receptor (OR)2AT4, which is selectively stimulated by the synthetic sandalwood-like odorant, Sandalore® . In organ-cultured, human scalp HFs, Sandalore® prolongs anagen and suppresses apoptosis by up-regulating intrafollicular IGF-1 mediated signaling. AIMS: The objective of this study is to demonstrate whether effects of Sandalore® observed ex vivo translate into a clinically relevant effect in patients with telogen effluvium. PATIENTS/METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, 60 female volunteers (18-65 years) affected by telogen effluvium received over a period of 24 weeks treatment with either 1% Sandalore® solution (n = 30) or placebo (identically smelling, but non-OR2AT4 activating sandalwood oil n = 30). The study read-out parameters were the degree of hair shedding, hair volume, terminal/vellus hair ratio, anagen/catagen-telogen ratio, and patient self-assessment. RESULTS: Sandalore® 1% ameliorated clinical signs of telogen effluvium, namely it reduced hair shedding, and increased hair volume and the percentage of anagen HFs, the latter two parameters significantly more than placebo when changes were calculated to baseline. Sandalore® also increased the ratio of terminal/vellus hairs at week 8. Most of the anti-hair shedding effects were seen after 8 weeks and maintained at week 24. Patient questionnaire showed that verum group patients were more satisfied than the placebo group in regard to the overall results. CONCLUSION: This clinical trial supports previous findings of anagen-prolonging effects of Sandalore® ex vivo with similar results now reproduced in clinical practice. It also provides proof-of-principle that a topically applied cosmetic odorant acting through HF olfactory receptors can be a therapeutic alternative to treat hair loss disorders characterized by excessive hair shedding such as telogen effluvium. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, LLC.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a needle-free injection device (NF) with a needle and syringe (NS) when used to vaccinate calves against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). The study was conducted in two independent phases. Ninety-six crossbred beef calves were vaccinated in the spring and 98 beef calves in the autumn. The calves were vaccinated using a NF or NS at 2 months of age (day 0) and again on day 119, with a modified-live virus vaccine containing IBRV, BVDV (types 1 and 2), parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. In each herd 10 calves were left unvaccinated to determine whether exposure to either BVDV or IBRV occurred. Visible vaccine residue at the surface of the skin/hair was apparent immediately following vaccination with NF in 30% of the spring-born calves following both the primary and booster vaccination. In the autumn, visible vaccine residues occurred in 19% and 8% of NF-vaccinated calves following the primary and booster vaccination. Post-vaccination skin reactions recorded on days 21, 42, 119 and 140 occurred with greater frequency in NF-vaccinated calves than NS-vaccinated ones. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42, 119, and 140 and tested for antibodies to BVDV and IBRV. Vaccination technique had no significant effect on BVDV or IBRV antibody concentrations at any time point. NF was as effective as NS vaccination in eliciting BVDV and IBRV antibody responses.

BACKGROUND: Glycerol has long served the topical prescriptive and personal care industry as a versatile and functional active and inactive ingredient. In skin care products, it acts primarily as an emollient, softening the skin through robust humectant hydration action. Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters K-20W (K-20W) have been shown to increase skin hydration and improve sensory skin "feel" when included in a variety of skin, hair, and nail care cosmetic/personal care formulations. The addition of glycerol and hydrolyzed jojoba esters provides a substantial long-acting 24 h (moisturizing) skin hydration effect for topical products. AIM: A small pilot study was conducted to support the "proof of concept" that an enhanced, additive role exists between these two ingredients resulting in a long-term (24 h) skin moisturization effect. METHOD: Topical treatments were applied to the skin (lower leg) of subjects, and evaluations were made at baseline and 8- to 24-h post-application. Skin hydration data were obtained via bio-instrumental transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements and expert clinical skin grading, including standardized digital clinical photography. RESULTS: Clinical skin grading evaluations and TEWL measurements found that significantly lower evaporative (P < 0.05) TEWL values occurred in the topical formulations containing 3.75% glycerol and 1.25% K-20W (hydrolyzed jojoba esters) than with glycerol alone in a standard base skin care lotion at 8 and 24 h posttreatment. CONCLUSION: This preliminary data "proof of concept" supports the position that glycerol and hydrolyzed jojoba esters work in tandem to enhance skin moisturization for at least 24 h. This unique moisturizing potential may prove valuable in the future development of cosmetic and over-the-counter/prescriptive topical products, including new medicaments containing botanicals. This fact is further reinforced with the recent greater commercial use and demand for defined safe botanicals in cosmetic as well as pharmaceutical topical formulations. Additional mechanistic studies are underway.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in the context of a randomized study, the 'Sole Si Sole No GISED' project, the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve sun protection behaviour in schoolchildren. METHODS: A large number of primary schools (classes II and III) in Italy were randomized to an educational intervention or control group: The intervention was conducted by trained teachers using ad hoc developed materials. Attitudes toward sun exposure and behaviour while in the sun were assessed at baseline and 1 year after concluding the educational intervention. In a subgroup of children, melanocytic naevi were counted on the upper limbs at the same intervals. The pilot phase of the study was started in 2001. RESULTS: During the pilot phase, a total of 4,233 children was recruited. Of these, 2,116 were randomized to the active intervention and 2,117 to the control group. No difference for any of the study variables was documented between the 2 groups at baseline. About 20% of the children reported intense sun exposure during the year preceding the study. About 88% of the children reported adequate modalities of sun protection. Sunscreens were commonly used. A total of 508 children (12%) reported a history of sunburns in the year preceding the start of the study. Melanocytic naevi were counted in a total of 1,503 children (852 in the experimental and 651 in the control group). No differences in terms of skin, hair and eye colours were documented between the experimental and the control groups. The mean naevus count at baseline was 9.6 (median 7) in the experimental group and 10.1 (median 8) in the control group. CONCLUSION: About 50% of the total expected number of children was recruited during the pilot phase of the study. Randomization proved to be an excellent modality to select 2 samples similar for all the important study variables examined. A history of sunburns was reported less frequently than expected. The 'Sole Si Sole No GISED programme' is one of the few examples of a controlled evaluation of the effectiveness of an educational intervention in Italy. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Comment in Hitting pause on chemotherapy-induced alopecia: transient p53 activation as a guardian of the hair follicle. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) remains one of the most distressing adverse effects of cancer therapy. Yet, no therapy is available to selectively protect healthy hair follicles (HFs) and their epithelial stem cells (eHFSCs) from chemotherapy-induced damage without awarding potential survival benefits to cancer cells. Here, we report how human HFs can be protected against 2 lead CIA-inducing chemotherapeutics by inducing selective transient cell cycle arrest. Pretreating scalp HFs before chemotherapy exposure ex vivo with ALRN-6924, a clinical-stage "stapled peptide" drug that binds with high affinity to key endogenous inhibitors of p53, selectively activated p53 signaling only in cells with wild-type TP53 genotype and upregulated p21. This led to temporary cell cycle arrest in healthy tissues without protecting TP53-mutant cancer cells and mitigated chemotherapy-induced HF damage on multiple levels, including excessive hair matrix apoptosis, premature catagen, pigmentary abnormalities, "mitotic catastrophe," and micronucleation. It also protected eHFSCs against DNA damage, apoptosis, and pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Notably, even topically applied ALRN-6924 afforded relative chemotherapy protection ex vivo. These results provide proof of principle for a strategy to selectively protect rapidly proliferating healthy epithelial tissues and their stem cells in patients with TP53-mutant cancers, which promises to protect against acute and permanent CIA.

BACKGROUND: Dermatophyte infection is a prevalent infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a fungus of multiple genera. The distribution and frequency of dermatophytosis vary with the geographical region and various epidemiological factors. AIM: This study aimed to describe the clinical-epidemiological and mycological profile of dermatophytosis and observed the response of systemic antifungals in cases of tinea corporis and tinea cruris. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 338 patients of clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophyte infection presented to the dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital between January 2014 and March 2015, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample collection for fungal elements was done from skin scraping, nail clippings, and hair plucks. RESULTS: Out of 338 patients included in the study, 212 (62.7%) were males, and 126 (37.3%) were females. The mean age of patients was 30.7 ± 14.5 years. The maximum number of patients (51.8%) was in the age group of 21-40 years. Maximum patients were laborers by occupation (28.7%) and belonged to the lower middle class (53.9%). The majority of 103 (30.47%) patients reported in July. The most common symptom was itching, noted in all 338 (100%) patients, followed by scaling in 294 (87%) of patients. Annular erythematous plaque with scaling (261 (76%)) was the most common clinical finding. Two hundred eighty-two (83.43%) patients reported sharing fomites, while 239 (70.71%) patients had contact with infected family members. Forty-two percent of patients were wearing tight-fitting clothes daily. Two hundred sixty-eight (79.29%) patients had a history of use of different topical medications in the past, and 64 (18.8%) patients reported a history of systemic antifungals taken in the past six months. Comorbid conditions were seen in 80 (23.67%) patients. One hundred twelve (33.13%) were overweight, 54 (15.9%) were obese, and 39 (11.53%) patients were underweight. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical pattern seen in 100 patients (29.5%), followed by tinea cruris in 75 patients (22.3%). Direct microscopy with KOH was positive i

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmenting disease characterized by loss of pigment in the skin, hair, or both. As treatment options evolve, particularly with the emergence of oral Janus kinase inhibitors and dual Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family kinase inhibitor, it is essential to assess population-level safety events in patients with vitiligo. This retrospective cohort study examined patients aged ≥ 12 years with vitiligo in the United States, comparing them with age-, sex-, and race-matched controls to evaluate patient demographics, baseline comorbidities, medication histories, vitiligo prevalence and incidence across demographic groups, and incidence rates of safety events following vitiligo diagnosis. This study used records dated 1 January 2016 to 30 September 2023 from the Optum Market Clarity United States Electronic Health Record database. This study included 15 047 patients with vitiligo and 75 231 matched controls. In both cohorts, the median age was 51 years and 56.3% of patients were female. Compared with controls, patients with vitiligo had a higher baseline proportion of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (e.g., autoimmune thyroiditis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and atopic dermatitis), infections, malignancies, hypothyroidism, allergic rhinitis, and hearing loss; they were also more likely to have used treatments for dermatologic conditions and immunosuppressive medications. Post diagnosis, higher incidence rates of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., alopecia areata, systemic sclerosis, pernicious anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, and psoriasis), infections, hearing-related events, and skin cancer were observed in the vitiligo cohort compared with the non-vitiligo cohort. Furthermore, vitiligo incidence and prevalence rates were numerically higher in Asian and Hispanic populations than in other racial and ethnic groups. However, the observed results should be interpreted with caution considering the limitations of the dataset. These findings provide valuable insight into the epidemiology of and safety considerations for patients with vitiligo in the United States, informing future clinical

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients commonly experience distressing dermatologic changes as a result of their cancer therapy. Patient education on managing these side effects remains limited and inadequately represents diverse skin tones, especially in gynecologic cancer. We aimed to create an educational pamphlet to inform gynecologic cancer patients across skin tones about potential dermatologic changes during cancer therapy. OBJECTIVE: To develop and pilot an inclusive educational pamphlet to improve dermatologic toxicity knowledge in gynecologic cancer patients. METHODS: An educational pamphlet about dermatologic changes during cancer therapy was designed using representative images and information appropriate for skin of color and non-skin of color patients. Feedback and pre/post knowledge surveys were distributed to patients with a diagnosis of gynecologic cancer via the ResearchMatch platform and via MyChart and in-person at the Smilow Cancer Hospital infusion center. RESULTS: Forty-six individuals participated in this study. Among respondents, most identified as female (96%) and were predominantly White (63%) or Black (21.7%). Mean age was 67.3 (range 40-83). All participants had attained at least a high-school education. Our educational intervention led to a significant increase in knowledge regarding potential skin, hair, and nail changes from cancer treatments: participants reported a subjective increase in knowledge (P < .001) and improved accuracy on 3 out of 4 related quiz questions (P < .001). Additionally, most respondents agreed, somewhat agreed, or strongly agreed that the pamphlet was easy to understand (96.7%). LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, single-center recruitment, and limited racial and ethnic diversity, which restricted subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION: This pilot study highlights the effectiveness of an educational pamphlet tailored to dermatologic changes during gynecologic cancer therapy, emphasizing inclusivity across skin tones. Future research should evaluate its long-term impact on patient outcomes and expand its application to broader cancer populations.

BACKGROUND: Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) are non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids that have significant, broad-spectrum therapeutic potential in a variety of pharmacological areas, but their unfavorable pharmacokinetics, such as extensive first-pass metabolism and low bioavailability, hinder their effective medical applications. Therefore, there is a great need for appropriate chemical modifications to improve their physicochemical properties. Incorporation of fluorine atom(s) at appropriate positions often improves the metabolic stability of the parent compound, increasing its bioavailability, and enhances its binding affinity to therapeutic targets, making fluorine a highly valuable element in modern drug development. Furthermore, amino functional groups may improve the water solubility and bioavailability of the compounds. Building on these principles, our strategy focused on introducing groups containing mono-, di-, and trifluoroethylamine or fluorinated aniline moieties into cannabinoids to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles. METHODS: Mannich-type reaction was applied, using commercially available 2-fluoroethylamine, 2,2-difluoroethylamine, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine, 3-fluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline as reagents. One or two oxazine rings with fluorine-containing side chains were condensed to the aromatic core of the cannabinoids, and the formation of mono- or disubstituted derivatives was controlled by the appropriate choice of reaction conditions. The biological activity of the derivatives was investigated in various relevant fields. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that aliphatic modifications positively influence pharmacokinetic parameters, including absorption, in contrast to aromatic groups, which increase lipophilicity and lead to decreased bioavailability. Among the modifications, the monosubstituted derivatives containing a single oxazine ring with an aliphatic fluorine-containing side chain, especially the mono- and trifluoroethyl moieties, proved to be the most promising. These modifications appeared particularly advantageous in the CBG series compared to the properties of the CBG parent compound. T

Dermatophytosis is a commonly encountered superficial fungal infection with an affinity for keratin-rich structures, such as skin, hair and nails. The recently emerging recalcitrant dermatophytosis is a recurrent, relapsing, chronic or persistent disease, which has a significant impact on the social, emotional and financial aspects of a patient's life. Trichophyton indotineae, a newly identified species, has become resistant to conventional therapies, unlike its predecessor. This review highlights the shift of this commonly encountered skin disease from an easily manageable clinical entity to an emerging resistant epidemic. We also discuss why dermatophytosis is being labelled as a 'designated fungal threat'. © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].

Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that cause superficial infections of the skin, hair, and nails. The emergence of recalcitrant infections caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex and T. indotineae, particularly in diabetic patients, has heightened the need for reproducible small-animal models to study disease pathogenesis and test antifungal therapies. Here, we describe a diabetic mouse model of dermatophytosis that faithfully mimics human infection. The protocol details (1) preparation of dermatophyte conidial inocula from laboratory or clinical isolates, (2) pharmacological induction of diabetes or immunosuppression in mice, (3) standardized infection of abraded dorsal skin, and (4) downstream assessments of fungal burden and pathology, including clinical evaluation and scoring, enumeration of colony-forming units, and histopathology. Critical parameters, troubleshooting guidance, and anticipated results are provided to ensure reproducibility. This system has been successfully applied to evaluate conventional and investigational antifungal drugs and can be readily adapted for emerging resistant species such as T. indotineae. By integrating diabetic predisposition with current epidemiological trends, this model provides a clinically relevant and cost-effective platform for dermatophyte research and antifungal development. © 2026 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of dermatophyte inoculum Basic Protocol 2: Establishment of immunosuppressed or diabetic mouse models of dermatophytosis. © 2026 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

OBJECTIVE: Nearly 50% of the pineapple by weight is discarded after harvesting due to various processing methods, resulting in huge amounts of waste containing beneficial compounds and metabolites that have high valorization potential across multiple industries. Agricultural waste, expanding industrialism and human transportation have increased airborne pollution and ultraviolet (UV) exposure, which exerts negative effects on skin, hair and overall health. As such, an eco-conscious cosmetic ingredient creating a physical barrier between the skin surface and environmental aggressors with properties to combat the subsequent cellular effects of these harmful factors is highly sought after. Accordingly, we investigated the capacity of an upcycled film-forming pineapple biopolymer to provide a comprehensive array of benefits for utilization in skincare, sunscreen and haircare formulations while facilitating environmental sustainability. METHODS: We developed a novel Pineapple Leaf Fibre Crosspolymer (PALF) by subjecting discarded pineapple leaf fibres to a proprietary manufacturing process involving alkali treatment, acidic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation. Next, efficacy was examined to determine the cosmetic potential of PALF in skincare, sunscreen and haircare formulations. In vitro and ex vivo experiments evaluated PALF for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipollution, UV protection and pigment-dispersing properties. Furthermore, in vivo studies were implemented to elucidate the impact of PALF on dermal carbon deposition, long-wear foundation transfer resistance, skin hydration, barrier function, sensory experience and perceived hair benefits. RESULTS: The in vitro and ex vivo experiments demonstrated PALF reduced excessive oxidative stress, quelled inflammation, inhibited the negative effects of airborne pollution and UV exposure, while exhibiting effective pigment-dispersing properties. With respect to in vivo studies, PALF reduced dermal carbon deposition while improving long-wear foundation transfer resistance, skin hydration, barrier function, sensory experience and perceived hair benefits. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the eco-friendly PALF protects against

2. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2026 Jan 6. doi: 10.2174/0115701638385023251110065215. Online ahead of print. Revolutionizing Ringworm Care: Holistic Advancements and Breakthrough Innovations. Sharma K(1), Ashawat MS(1), Pandit V(1). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Ins

15. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2026 Jan;25(1):e70653. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70653. A Topical Cosmeceutical Approach to Submental Fullness in Indian Women: 12-Week Prospective Study. Selavdurairaj S(1), Murali S(1), Arunachalam S(2), Balasubramanian R(1), Divyalakshmi C(1), Thirunavukkarasu V(1), Anannya S(2

Background/Objectives: Telogen effluvium (TE) is a common, non-scarring hair loss condition characterized by excessive shedding due to disruptions in the hair growth cycle. It is often triggered by stress, hormonal changes, or nutritional deficiencies and is often associated with impaired quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel once-a-day drinkable food supplement in women experiencing TE. Methods: A monocentric, open-label, single-arm pilot study was conducted, enrolling 37 female subjects aged 20 to 45 years with self-perceived hair shedding and diagnosed with TE. Subjects refrained from using products with similar effects throughout the study. Evaluations included hair density, hair shedding, anagen to catagen/telogen (A:C/T) ratio, and self-perception after 1, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using Linear Mixed-effects Models (LMMs) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: At 1, 3, and 6 months, a statistically significant increase in hair density compared to baseline was observed under the regimen of the tested product. After 6 months, this translated into a 12% increase vs. baseline (p < 0.001). Hair shedding decreased significantly from baseline to each subsequent visit, with a 28% reduction in shedding after 6 months (p < 0.05). The A:C/T ratio significantly increased after both 3 and 6 months, from 3.39:1 to 6.96:1 (p < 0.001). Self-perception questionnaires indicated high satisfaction with hair improvements. Conclusions: This single-arm pilot study suggests that the novel, drinkable food supplement improves hair density and hair shedding in women experiencing TE and underscores the potential of supplement intervention for managing female hair thinning, mainly by reducing TE through increased density of growing hairs. Whilst these preliminary results are encouraging, we recognize that a larger, placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized trial using the product is necessary to corroborate these findings and further explore the underlying hair cycle effects.

Background Biotin, a vital cofactor for carboxylase enzymes, plays a key role in metabolic processes, while silica is believed to support collagen synthesis, contributing to improved skin and hair health. This study investigates the dermatological benefits of standardized plant-based supplements formulated with biotin derived from Sesbania grandiflora and a biotin-silica blend extracted from Bambusa arundinacea. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 105 participants, with 97 completing the 90-day study. Participants received either Treatment A (placebo), Treatment B (botanical extract of standardised for biotin, 1.25 mg orally administered), or Treatment C (botanical extract of standardised for biotin with silica, 1.25 mg biotin with 21.75 mg silica orally administered). Efficacy was evaluated through clinical and instrumental assessments of hair fall and growth rate, skin elasticity, hydration, wrinkle reduction, and nail texture. Results In the post-90-day evaluation, hair fall reduced to 20.61 ± 14.39 (p < 0.001) in biotin and 15.71 ± 10.8 (p < 0.001) in biotin with silica. Hair growth rate increased by 0.55 mm/day (p < 0.0001) in biotin and 0.57 mm/day (p < 0.0001) in biotin with silica. Nail roughness reduced to 0.09 ± 0.29 (p < 0.0001) in biotin and 0.06 ± 0.25 (p < 0.0001) in biotin with silica. Skin elasticity increased to 0.15 ± 0.06 (p < 0.0001) in biotin and 0.17 ± 0.12 (p < 0.0001) in biotin with the silica group. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion Incorporating Orgen-Bio® and RGen-Si™ into a daily routine may support overall skin, hair, and nail health. The synergistic blend enhances elasticity, reduces wrinkles, boosts hydration, strengthens hair, and improves nail quality-offering effective, long-term cosmetic and structural benefits.

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a common, naturally occurring water-soluble vitamin. It belongs to the broad group of B vitamins. It is a common ingredient in dietary supplements, cosmetics, medicines, and parapharmaceutical preparations administered orally or applied topically (to the skin, hair, nails). The problem of the relationship between vitamin B supplementation and sensitivity seems to be multi-threaded. There is little literature data that would confirm that oral vitamin B supplementation or local exposure to biotin is a significant sensitizing factor. Moreover, it seems that allergy to vitamin B7 is very rare. It is possible, however, that the relationship between biotin and hypersensitivity is not limited to its direct action, but results from its essential metabolic function. Vitamin B7, as a cofactor of five carboxylases, affects the main pathways of cellular metabolism. Both deficiency and excess of biotin can result in metabolic disorders, which can have a significant impact on the homeostasis of the entire organism, including the efficient functioning of the immune system. Dysregulation of immune systems leads to its dysfunctional functioning, which can also lead to sensitization to various environmental antigens (allergens). Biotin is also used as an element of some methodological models in immunochemical tests (in vitro diagnostics), including methods used to measure the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE), both total (tIgE) and allergen-specific (sIgE). For this reason, vitamin B7 supplementation can be a significant interfering factor in some immunochemical tests, which can lead to false laboratory test results, both false positive and false negative, depending on the test format. This situation can have a direct impact on the quality and effectiveness of diagnostics in various clinical situations, including allergy diagnostics. This review focuses on the role of biotin in allergic reactions, both as a causative factor (allergen/hapten), a factor predisposing to the development of sensitization to various allergens, and an interfering factor in immunochemical methods used in laboratory diagnosis of hypersensitivity reactions and how it can be pre

Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells known to degranulate in response to FcεRI crosslinking or MRGPRX2 engagement. MCs are found close to nerves, but the mechanisms that regulate this privileged localization remain unclear. Here, we investigated MRGPRX2 expression patterns and specific activities in MCs. We show that MRGPRX2 expression is heterogeneous in human MC (hMC) progenitors and mature MCs. Substance P (SP) is a rapid and specific activator of MRGPRX2, and long-term supplementation of MCs with SP expands MRGPRX2-expressing cells. While high concentrations of SP induce rapid MC degranulation, low concentrations prompt immature MC chemotaxis. Lastly, we demonstrate that in inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis, the number of MRGPRX2+ MCs is increased, and during in vitro skin reinnervation, MRGPRX2+ MCs preferentially reside in proximity to and migrate toward SP+ nerve fibers (NFs). This indicates that SP-MRGPRX2 signaling defines MC positioning and relocation within tissues and promotes immune cell-NF communication. © 2024 The Author(s).

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy metabolism, hormone synthesis, and maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and nails. Deficiency is uncommon but may occur with inadequate nutritional intake or certain clinical conditions and can result in nonspecific systemic manifestations. This activity reviews the physiologic functions, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, dosing considerations, off-label uses, monitoring parameters, and clinically relevant interactions of vitamin B5 supplementation. Participants learn to recognize potential vitamin B5 deficiency, evaluate appropriate indications for supplementation, select evidence-based dosing strategies, identify adverse effects and interactions, and apply monitoring principles to support safe nutritional management. Collaboration among clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, dietitians, and other interprofessional team members promotes comprehensive assessment, appropriate supplementation, patient education, medication safety, and coordinated management, thereby improving patient safety and clinical outcomes.

With the increasing demand for feed additives that are green, safe, and free of drug residues, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has received extensive attention in animal production, and the research has been deepening. MSM is a sulfur-containing organic substance that is widely distributed in nature, with many biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, improvement of intestinal health, joint protection, and skin and hair nourishment, etc. It plays an important role in maintaining normal metabolism in the body and has considerable potential for application in the healthy rearing of animals. This paper reviews the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of MSM, as well as its applications in animal production, including improving growth performance, reducing lipid peroxidation, improving meat quality, increasing disease resistance, and enhancing anti-stress ability. This is done in order to provide a reference for subsequent scientific research. © Copyright 2026 Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of AS632 and AS633, two topical formulations composed of natural plant-derived ingredients, for potential use in arthritis therapy. Methods: AS632 and AS633 were formulated with natural plant extracts-including Punica granatum seed oil, Gaultheria procumbens essential oil, Centella asiatica extract, and Camellia sinensis extract-and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). AS632 additionally contained a peptide-based component, Peptiskin®. Both formulations were tested in THP-1-derived macrophages, HaCaT keratinocytes, and C28/I2 chondrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: Both formulations significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13) expression, and ROS level, with AS632 showing greater suppression of TNF-α in macrophages compared to AS633. In addition, both formulations demonstrated cytoprotective effects against cytokine-induced damage in chondrocytes. Conclusions: AS632 and AS633 are promising topical candidates for managing arthritis and chronic inflammatory skin or joint disorders.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and myo-inositol (MI) on hair quality, fecal microbiota, and metabolome in poodles. Thirty-two adult poodles categorized based on initial body weight and sex were randomly assigned to four groups. These groups (designated the CON, MSM, MI, and MSM + MI groups) received a basal diet, the same diet supplemented with 0.2% MSM + 0% MI, the same diet supplemented with 0% MSM + 0.2% MI, or the same diet supplemented with 0.2% MSM + 0.2% MI, respectively. The study lasted for 65 days. During the entire study period, body weight, average daily weight gain, feed intake, energy intake, and fecal output were normal in all the animals and did not differ significantly among the treatment groups. Hair scale thickness was lower in the MI and MSM + MI groups than in the CON group on Day 65 (p < 0.05). An amino acid analysis of the hair revealed higher sulfur content in the MI and MSM + MI groups on Day 65 than on Day 0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the poodles in the MSM, MI, and MSM + MI groups presented significantly lower levels of Proteobacteria_unclassified and Candidatus Phytoplasma than did those in the CON group. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified was greater in the MSM and MI groups than in the CON group (p < 0.05). The MSM group presented a greater abundance of Glucerabacter than the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the CON and MSM + MI groups, the abundances of Paramuribaculum and Hafnia in the MSM group were greater (p < 0.05). The abundances of Enterobacte

OBJECTIVE: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), which contains organic sulphur, has been used for a long time as a medicinal ingredient because of its benefits to human health. MSM is reported to be protective against certain skin disorders, but it is unknown whether it affects melanin synthesis. Therefore, in our current research, we examined the possibility of MSM controlling the production of melanin in Mel-Ab melanocytes. METHODS: In Mel-Ab cells, melanin contents and tyrosinase activities were assessed and quantified. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase was evaluated using western blot analysis, while MSM-induced signalling pathways were investigated. RESULTS: The MSM treatment significantly resulted in a dose-dependent increase in melanin production. Furthermore, MSM elevated melanin-related proteins, including MITF and tyrosinase. However, the rate-limiting enzyme of melanin production, tyrosinase, was not directly influenced by it. Therefore, we investigated potential melanogenesis-related signalling pathways that may have been triggered by MSM. Our findings showed that MSM did not influence the signalling pathways associated with glycogen synthase kinase 3β, cAMP response-element binding protein, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. However, MSM phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK), which is known to induce melanogenesis. SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, inhibited MSM-induced melanogenesis. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our study indicates that MSM induces melanin synthesis and may serve as a therapeutic option for hypopigmentary skin disorders such as vitiligo. Publisher: ZIEL: Methylsulfonylmethan (MSM), das organischen Schwefel enthält, wird aufgrund seiner Vort

Allantoin is an abundant component of yams and has been known as a skin protectant due to its pharmacological activities. In previous methods for allantoin determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the separation was unsatisfactory. We herein developed a 1H quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method for quantification of allantoin in the flesh and peel of yams. The method was carried out based on the relative ratio of signals integration of allantoin to a certain amount of the internal standard dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and validated in terms of specificity, linearity (range 62.5-2000 μg/ml), sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) 4.63 and 14.03 μg/ml, respectively), precision (RSD% 0.02-0.26), and recovery (86.35-92.11%). The method was then applied for the evaluation of allantoin in flesh and peel extracts of four different yams cultivated in Korea.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Methylsulfonylmethane in minimizing hair loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Twenty adult Wister Albino mice weighing 25-35g and aged 6-7 weeks were employed. Male mice's coat hairs on the dorsal skin were carefully clipped and then colored. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups, each with five animals: (1) Control group: Treated with D.W. (2), Minoxidil (5%) treated group (3), Methylsulfonylmethane (10%) treated group (4), Methylsulfonylmethane plus Minoxidil treated group. RESULTS: Results: We found that the tissue level of 8-isoprastanein the groups receiving medication are considerably lower than in the control (D.W.). We also discovered that the serum tissue vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the groups receiving medication are considerably greater than those in the control (D.W.) groups. On the other hand, we discovered that hair growth, hair follicle expansion and hair follicle number are much higher in the groups receiving medication than in the control groups. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: We concluded that MSM, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, dramatically reduces hair loss in male mice.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The skin protects the body from ultraviolet rays and other external factors. Various studies have been conducted to identify methods to prevent skin aging and damage. To investigate the protective effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), in this study, a hairless mouse model was used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mice divided into Groups B, C, and D were subjected to UVB irradiation for six weeks, and Group A was considered the control. Retinoic acid is a substance that has been proven to have anti-aging properties. Group C was injected with MSM, group D was injected with retinoic acid, and groups A and B were injected with saline. At the end of the experiment, the degree of senescence was confirmed through visual evaluation, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and elasticity measurement using SEM. RESULTS: After the end of the experiment, the wrinkle score was 0.4, 2.5, 1.8, 1.5 for Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Epidermal thickness was 40 μm, 70 μm, 60 μm, 55 μm in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Group C showed less collagen confirmation loss and more angiogenesis and elastin precursor production. Elastic fiber linearity was 0.901±0.02, 0.551±0.04, 0.751±0.04, 0.822±0.03 for Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. CONCLUSION: Injection of MSM in mice subjected to UVB-induced skin damage reduces the wrinkle score and protects against photoaging. Conflict of in

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural sulfur-containing organic substance that has many biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin nourishing, and hair growth-promoting effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of MSM supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and hair quality in kittens. A total of 21 Ragdoll kittens were assigned to three diets by initial body weight and gender: basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.2%, and 0.4% MSM (CON, LMSM, and HMSM groups) for 65 days. During the whole period, the food intake of kittens in the MSM-treated groups tended to be higher (P < 0.10) compared with the CON group, and the average daily gain (ADG) had no significant difference when compared to the kittens in the CON group (P > 0.05). Antioxidant capacity had no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the groups. The scale thickness of hair tended to be smaller in the LMSM group compared to the CON group (P < 0.10) and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) over time from d 0 to d 65 in the LMSM group, indicating the improvement of hair quality. Besides, supplementation with LMSM increased bacterial diversity. Kittens fed MSM had no

BACKGROUND: In Aayurveda, Blumea eriantha DC has been used in the management of various diseases and is found to exhibit antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-diarrhoeal, larvicidal, antimicrobial properties. OBJECTIVE: The present study has focused on isolation of the active fraction from B. eriantha DC extract and to investigate its effect as a hair growth promoter along with identification of phytoconstituent(s) responsible for hair growth activity and its probable mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our work introduces an effective isolation protocol for the active fraction from B. eriantha DC extract using chromatographic techniques. Fraction A was isolated by using mobile phase toluene:acetone (9:1). In-vitro and in-vivo methods were executed for the evaluation of hair growth activity. Moreover, the docked conformations of the isolated phytoconstituent Dimethyl sulfone was compared to Minoxidil for selected proteins namely 2FGF, 2PVC and 4U7P. The PDB identifications 2PVC (DNMT3L recognizes unmethylated histone H3 lysine 4), 4

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response leads to serious damage, up to and including tumorigenesis. Natural mineral sulfur, non-toxic sulfur (NTS), and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) have anti-inflammatory activity that may inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. We hypothesized that sulfur compounds could inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in CCD-986Sk skin fibroblasts. We used Western blotting and real-time PCR to analyze molecular signaling in treated and untreated cultures. We also used flow cytometry for cell surface receptor analysis, comet assays to evaluate DNA damage, and ELISA-based cytokine detection. LPS induced TLR4 activation and NF-κB signaling via canonical and protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways, while NTS and MSM downregulated that response. NTS and MSM also inhibited LPS-induced nuclear accumulation and binding of NF-κB to proinflammatory cytokines COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6. Finally, the sulfur compounds suppressed LPS-induced ROS accumulation and DNA damage in CCD-986Sk cells. These results suggest that natural sulfur compounds could be used to treat inflammation and may be useful in the development of cosmetics.

Although inflammation is a host defense mechanism, chronic inflammation mediates several diseases, including cancer, allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases, and reportedly, it is associated with a 60% mortality rate. There are several reports on the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri. However, although they can be used as culinary materials and have biological effects, they are not effective anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated the synergic effect of C. longa and A. hookeri in order to confirm the possibility of a new anti-inflammatory agent. Based on cell viability and cytokine analyses, the appropriate ratio of C. longa and A. hookeri was confirmed using an air pouch animal model. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment was evaluated by measuring the immune cell count and cytokines in the exudate and by comparing the morphological changes and cytokines in inflamed skin samples. Additionally, we evaluated the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS levels. The active constituents detected in C. longa were demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and that detected in A. hookeri was methylsulfonylmethane. An in vitro assessment determined the appropriate drug ratio as 3:7. In a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model, co-treatment effectivel

Background: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organosulfur compound with known benefits for joint health, sports nutrition, immune function, and anti-aging formulations and is gaining popularity as a nutritional supplement for the support of hair, skin and nails. Methods: The study was conducted in two steps; in Part I (pilot study) a panel of 20 participants ingested either 3 g a day of MSM or placebo capsules for 16 weeks. Visual and subject self assessment of wrinkles and skin texture as the predominant sign of ageing was observed. In Part II (dose-response study), 63 participants ingested either 1 g or 3 g per day of MSM for 16 weeks. Expert clinical grading, instrumental measurements and consumer perception was used to evaluate skin conditions like lines and wrinkles. Additionally, instrumentational analysis was conducted using corneometer and cutometer for investigation of skin hydration, firmness and elasticity. Results: Part I of the study clearly indicates that oral ingestion of MSM (3 g/d) reduces signs of ageing like facial wrinkles (p < 0.05) and skin roughness (p < 0.05) as compared to placebo. Detailed analysis in Part II instrumentation assessments showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement from baseline in the severity of facial wrinkles, as well as improved skin firmness, elasticity and hydration with MSM. Some of these parameters exhibited a good dose-response indicating that the higher (3 g/d) of the supplement was more effective than the lower dose of 1 g/d, but generally the lower dose of 1 g/d appeared to be sufficiently effective in reducing the facial signs of ageing. Conclusion: This study indicated that MSM is effective in reducing visual signs of skin ageing even at a low dose of 1 g/d.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multicomponent nutraceutical (MCN) on facial skin. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind trial was conducted involving two groups of female subjects affected by facial skin photoaging. For two months, volunteers took a daily dose of MCN containing 200mg of hyaluronic acid, 500mg of L-carnosine, and 400mg of methylsulfonylmethane, or a placebo. At Day 0 (T0) and Day 60 (T60), face skin hydration, elasticity, and sebometry were measured with an instrumental skin tester, and digital images of facial wrinkles were scored. A subject-based quali-/ quantitative assessment evaluating satisfaction/ quality of life was performed at T60. Results: The MCN and placebo groups each included 25 volunteers (mean ages: 49.3 and 47.8 years, respectively). After 60 days of MCN intake, glabella skin hydration and elasticity improved by 15.2 percent and 22.6 percent, respectively (p=0.03; p=0.004), glabella sebaceous secretion decreased by 24.2 percent (p=0.01), skin hydration and elasticity of the periocular area increased by 12.6 percent and 15.9 percent, respectively, and skin hydration and elasticity of the oral commissural area increased by 17.6 percent and 16 percent, respectively (p<0.001). No significant variation occurred in the placebo group. Wrinkle depth improved slightly in the MCN group (p=0.043 in the periocular area) but not in the placebo group. A slight improvement in joint pai

Oxidative stress may be involved in the cellular damage and tissue destruction as burn wounds continues to progress after abatement of the initial insult. Since iron and calcium ions play key roles in oxidative stress, this study tested whether topical application of Livionex formulation (LF) lotion, that contains disodium EDTA as a metal chelator and methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) as a permeability enhancer, would prevent or reduce burns. METHODS: We used an established brass comb burn model with some modifications. Topical application of LF lotion was started 5 min post-burn, and repeated every 8 h for 3 consecutive days. Rats were euthanized and skin harvested for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Formation of protein adducts of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), malonadialdehyde (MDA) and acrolein (ACR) and expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes, ALDH1 and ALDH2 were assessed. RESULTS: LF lotion-treat

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate a topical treatment based on silymarin/methylsulfonilmethane (S-MSM) to improve erythematous-telangiectactic rosacea. METHODS: Forty-six patients affected by stage I-III rosacea entered this double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were treated for 1 month. Clinical and instrumental evaluations were done at baseline, after 10 and 20 days, and at the end of the study. Itching, stinging, erythema, and papules were investigated clinically as well as hydration and erythema instrumentally with capacitance and color measurements. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement was observed in many clinical and instrumental parameters investigated (P < 0.001). In particular, improvement of skin redness, papules, itching, hydration, and skin color occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of silymarin and S-MSM can be useful in managing symptoms and condition of rosacea skin, especially in the rosacea subtype 1 erythemato-telangiectatic phase. The action can be considered multicentric and multiphase because of the direct modulating action on cytokines and angiokines normally involved and up-regulated in the case of such skin condition.