Hibiscus

BACKGROUND: Conventional treatments for cardiometabolic diseases face limitations related to cost, efficacy, and side effects. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is a common food product and a potential alternative. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent results and lacked assessments of result certainty, intervention safety, and subgroup analysis credibility. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of HS on blood pressure (BP), lipid profiles, glycemic control, anthropometric parameters, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indicators, and liver enzymes. METHODS: To conduct this umbrella review, a systematic search of eligible meta-analyses was performed up to May 2024. The random-effects model was used to synthesize results from individual trials. Quality, certainty, and credibility of evidence were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, AMSTAR-II, GRADE, and ICEMAN frameworks. RESULTS: Data from 26 randomized controlled trials involving 1797 participants revealed that HS dose-dependently reduced systolic and diastolic BP compared to placebo and other teas. Although no significant differences were found between HS and antihypertensive drugs, HS showed moderate credibility for therapeutic BP reduction (> 10 mmHg), especially in individuals over 50 years, in trials lasting over four weeks, and in those with a low risk of bias. HS also reduced total cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose, and increased HDL-C. A minor, clinically insignificant increase in aspartate aminotransferase was observed without elevating adverse event risks. CONCLUSIONS: HS showed BP-lowering effects comparable to antihypertensive drugs and beneficial impacts on lipid and glycemic profiles. Although HS is generally considered safe, long-term and therapeutic dosing safety requires careful monitoring.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) in regulating blood lipids among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials were searched to identify the randomised controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria. Study selection, data extraction, and risk assessment were performed according to Cochrane handbook; available data were analysed using STATA 15.0 software. Eventually, nine trials involving 503 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, H. sabdariffa supplementation could reduce total cholesterol (WMD = -14.66; 95% CI [-18.22, -11.10]; p = .000; I2 = 46.9%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -9.46; 95% CI [-14.93, -3.99]; p = .001; I2 = 50.1%) but could not effectively reduce triglyceride (WMD = -0.77; 95% CI [-7.87, 6.33]; p = 0.832; I2 = 0%). Meanwhile, there were no serious adverse reactions reported in the included studies. To summarise, current evidence suggests that the benefits of H. sabdariffa supplementation to patients with metabolic diseases are associated with its cholesterol-lowering effects; however, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm these results. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

BACKGROUND: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a tropical wild plant rich in organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, polysaccharides, and volatile constituents that are beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Hibiscus sabdariffa beverages are commonly consumed to treat arterial hypertension, yet the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been fully conclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available RCTs. METHODS: The search included PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE (up to July 2014) to identify RCTs investigating the efficacy of H. sabdariffa supplementation on SBP and DBP values. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Quantitative data synthesis and meta-regression were performed using a fixed-effect model, and sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method. Five RCTs (comprising seven treatment arms) were selected for the meta-analysis. In total, 390 participants were randomized, of whom 225 were allocated to the H. sabdariffa supplementation group and 165 to the control group in the selected studies. RESULTS: Fixed-effect meta-regression indicated a significant effect of H. sabdariffa supplementation in lowering both SBP (weighed mean difference -7.58 mmHg, 95% confidence interval -9.69 to -5.46, P < 0.00001) and DBP (weighed mean difference -3.53 mmHg, 95% confidence interval -5.16 to -1.89, P < 0.0001). These effects were inversely associated with baseline BP values, and were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of RCTs showed a significant effect of H. sabdariffa in lowering both SBP and DBP. Further well designed trials are necessary to validate these results.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a supplement blend (lactobacillus, vitamin C, cranberry and hibiscus) on the latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). STUDY DESIGN: A single-center, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 84 patients with PPROM (24-34 weeks). Participants were assigned to daily oral supplements or an identical placebo. The primary outcome was the latency period from membrane rupture to delivery. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULT: The mean latency period was significantly longer in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (11.7 ± 7.2 days vs. 7.6 ± 4.8 days; mean difference 4.1 days, 95 % CI 1.4-6.8; p = 0.003). The standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) was 0.67 (95 % CI 0.23-1.10), indicating a moderate-to-large effect size. Exploratory analysis suggested a more pronounced effect when treatment was initiated before 32 weeks and continued for over six days. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with lactobacillus, vitamin C, cranberry and hibiscus significantly prolonged the latency period in PPROM, which may represent a low-cost adjunct to conservative management.

Background: Few trials have evaluated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-standardized ready-to-drink formulations, and short-term responses of composite lipid-glucose indices under controlled intake remain unquantified. This study assessed 8-week changes in Atherogenic and triglyceride-glucose indices (AIP and TyG) after the consumption of a Hibiscus-inulin (HIB-INU) beverage and tested whether baseline risk modified these effects. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults aged 18-50 years with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 100: 50 per group) who consumed a daily 60 mL Hibiscus-inulin shot or sensory-matched placebo for 8 weeks. The Hibiscus-inulin shot was LC-MS-standardized to ensure reproducible exposure; co-primary outcomes were AIP and TyG (pre-specified as exploratory), and secondary outcomes were mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). ANCOVA adjusted for baseline, age, and sex was used to estimate between-group differences and to test for interactions by baseline risk. Results: Adjusted 8-week differences versus placebo were -0.09 for AIP (95% CI -0.15 to -0.03; p = 0.004) and -0.14 for TyG (-0.26 to -0.03; p = 0.020). MAP and PP showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Effects were larger in high-risk baseline strata. Conclusions: A standardized hibiscus-inulin shot produced short-term improvements in composite lipid-glucose indices without hemodynamic change. Because minimal clinically important differences for AIP/TyG have not been established for short durations, these findings reflect analytical responsiveness rather than clinical benefits, supporting their exploratory use in short-term nutrition trials and cardiometabolic monitoring.

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa, extending proximally from the rectum. However, the segmental pattern of healing in UC remains unclear. Endoscopic improvement (EI), a key therapeutic endpoint, is typically assessed using the Mayo endoscopic score (MES), which scores the worst affected area and may miss partial/segmental healing. This study evaluates healing patterns in UC and compares conventional MES with a 3-segment MES approach for detecting treatment effects in clinical trials. METHODS: A post hoc analysis of HIBISCUS I/II and GARDENIA trials was conducted in UC patients with moderate-to-severe disease (MES >2 up to the descending colon). The primary outcome was the proportion of anti-tumor necrosis factor-treated participants achieving MES ≤1 in the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum at week 10. Secondary outcomes included conventionally measured EI, segmental MES improvements, clinical response, and Patient-Reported Outcome 2 (PRO2) normalization. Outcomes were compared between adalimumab, infliximab, and placebo groups. RESULTS: Among 300 participants, 217 received infliximab or adalimumab, while 83 received placebo. Healing followed a proximal-to-distal pattern, with the highest EI in the descending colon and the lowest in the rectum. Infliximab-treated patients continued this trend at week 54. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy significantly improved EI vs placebo (42.9% vs 19.3%; P < .001). No segmental MES approach outperformed conventional MES for detecting treatment effects. Combined endpoints (MES ≤1 + PRO2 normalization) better captured therapeutic benefits than PRO2 alone (28.6% vs 13.3%; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: UC healing follows a proximal-to-distal pattern. Conventional MES remains superior for detecting treatment effects over segmental MES. Further studies should explore alternative endoscopic scoring methodologies. Plain Language Summary: Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis promote a proximal-to-distal healing pattern. The conventional Mayo endoscopic score best detects treatment effects over segmental scoring. Combining the Mayo e

Erratum in Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Oct 17;26(20):10115. doi: 10.3390/ijms262010115. Skin aging causes reduced hydration, elasticity, and increased wrinkles. Recent safety and compliance concerns over oral collagen supplements have increased interest in plant-based alternatives like Hibiscus sabdariffa with antioxidant and anti-aging properties. However, clinical evidence regarding its efficacy remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the effects of this plant-based collagen alternative (VC-H1, Hibiscus Enzyme Extract) supplement on skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), desquamation, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction in photoaged individuals. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 98 participants (aged 35-60 years) presenting with dry skin and periorbital wrinkles. Participants randomly received 1.5 g/day of VC-H1 or placebo for 12 weeks. Skin hydration, TEWL, deep moisture, keratin index, elasticity, and wrinkle parameters were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. VC-H1 supplementation significantly increased skin hydration, reduced the TEWL and keratin index, and improved deep moisture content for those receiving it compared with the controls. Wrinkle depth significantly decreased, and skin elasticity also improved. Those in the VC-H1 group showed greater overall improvement than those in the control group. Oral VC-H1 supplementation significantly improved skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction, suggesting its potential as a plant-based alternative to traditional collagen supplements for skin rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) has been investigated as an alternative treatment for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as it affects all MetS components with low side effects simultaneously; however, clinical evidence regarding its efficacy compared with placebo is inconsistent. This study assessed how the aqueous calyx extract of HS influences insulin resistance and MetS parameters and examined the safety effects on liver, kidney, and hematological indexes in participants with abdominal obesity and mild MetS symptoms. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 108 participants with MetS were randomly assigned to take 1000-mg HS (45.04 mg/day in total polyphenols) or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycemic markers, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid profiles, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Additionally, liver and kidney function indicators along with hematological parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, HS did not significantly affect HOMA-IR, glycemic markers, BMI, WC, lipid profile, or blood pressure. Although HS did not significantly alter the lipid profile overall, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels decreased significantly at 12 weeks compared with baseline (- 7.98 mg/dL, [95 % CI, - 14.80, - 1.15]). Additionally, HS did not cause significant liver or kidney function or hematological changes compared with placebo. CONCLUSION: Taking 1000-mg HS daily for 12 weeks seems to be safe. Placebo and HS groups showed good clinical results, and the extract was not associated with improved metabolic parameters in individuals with abdominal obesity and mild MetS symptoms, with the exception of lower serum LDL.

INTRODUCTION: Hibiscus sabdariffa is well known for its blood pressure lowering properties, particularly in hypertensive individuals. To date, effects of hibiscus on cognitive performance have not been assessed, hence the current pilot study explored the acute effects of hibiscus consumption on cognitive performance and metabolic outcomes in overweight individuals. METHODS: Twenty participants aged 35 ± 2.8 years with a BMI of 30 ± 1.2 (kg/m2) were recruited to a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Participants received either a hibiscus-containing beverage or an inert placebo alongside a high carbohydrate breakfast. Metabolic and cognitive measures were assessed across a 2-hour postprandial period. RESULTS: Consumption of the hibiscus drink significantly reduced postprandial glucose response compared to placebo after 30 and 45 min, with no change in blood pressure. Hibiscus consumption significantly attenuated the decline in delayed word recall on the visual verbal learning test. Additionally, there was a decrease in retroactive interference after hibiscus, suggesting that newly learned information interfered less with recall of previously learned information in comparison to placebo. Furthermore, non-significant improvements (p = 0.063) in executive function and pattern separation were observed following hibiscus consumption. CONCLUSION: To summarise, this pilot study demonstrates that acute hibiscus consumption moderately affects aspects of memory and executive function, coupled with beneficial effects on postprandial glucose response. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings in larger sample sizes and to determine the effect of longer-term consumption of hibiscus on these outcomes.

Our aim was to evaluate if a nutritional intervention with a dietary supplement (Diuripres®) containing magnesium, standardized extract of orthosiphon, hawthorn, and hibiscus could positively affect blood pressure (BP), vascular health, and metabolic parameters in 60 individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension. Participants followed a low-fat low-sodium Mediterranean diet for 4 weeks before being randomly allocated to 8-week treatment with two pills each day of either Diuripres® or placebo. Diuripres® significantly decreased systolic BP compared to placebo after 4 weeks (3.1 ± 0.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) and more consistently after 8 weeks (3.4 ± 0.9 mmHg; p < 0.05). At 8-week follow-up, after correction for multiple testing, dietary supplementation with Diuripres® was associated with significant improvements in diastolic BP (-3.1 ± 0.6 mmHg; p < 0.05), aortic BP (-4.3 ± 0.4 mmHg; p < 0.05), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/dL; p < 0.05) in comparison with baseline. The reductions in diastolic BP (--3.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; p < 0.05), aortic BP (-5.2 ± 1.0 mmHg; p < 0.05), and hs-CRP (-0.03 ± 0.01 mg/dL; p < 0.05) were also significant compared to placebo. Therefore, our study shows that dietary supplementation with Diuripres® may be useful in individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension. © 2023 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathophysiology in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, which are positive risks that increase atherosclerosis leading to important healthcare problems. Therefore, we aimed to study the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects of jelly drink containing polyphenol-rich roselle calyces extract and passion fruit juice with pulp concentrate (RP jelly drink) in comparison to a placebo jelly drink for 8 weeks. Forty-three adults with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned into two groups: the RP jelly drink group and the placebo group. Glucose, total cholesterol (TC) triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory parameters, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured with fasting blood samples at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention. Results showed a significant decrease in LDL-C and TG, respectively, after 8 weeks of RP jelly drink consumption (LDL-C: 107.63 ± 22.98 mg/dL; TG: 109.79 ± 38.83 mg/dL) compared to baseline measurements (LDL-C: 128.43 ± 32.74 mg/dL; TG: 132.33 ± 75.11 mg/dL). These may be possible due to reduced inflammation and improvements in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the reduction of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enhancement of glutathione (GSH) after consuming the RP jelly drink for 8 weeks. However, no significant differences of treatment on glucose, total cholesterol, MCP-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 were observed. In conclusion, daily consumption of RP jelly drink for 8 weeks resulted in significant improvement in lipid profiles in subjects with dyslipidemia. However, more research is needed to assess its nutritional and functional potential.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an increasingly attractive plant for its health and pharmaceutical, beverage, and cosmetic applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of roselle drink on antioxidant activity, blood pressure, and skin condition. Roselle drink used in this study contained rich phenolics (1.96 g of gallic acid equivalent/100 ml) and anthocyanins (1.65 g of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/100 ml). In a randomized, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, 39 healthy adults received drank 200 ml of roselle drink or placebo-control drink for 6 months. A significant reduction in the blood pressure was observed in the roselle drink treated group when compared with preintervention values. After 6 months of treatment with roselle drink, serum phenolics contents, the levels of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) were significantly increased in healthy subjects. However, a significant increment in skin redness and skin moisture was observed in the facial skin of roselle drink-treated participants. Oral administration of roselle drink for 6 months significantly lowered the blood pressure, improved antioxidation level, and positively regulated skin redness as well as moisture. Phenolics and anthocyanins in roselle could be the major potential contributors to such health effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Roselle is a typical plant. Continuous administration of roselle drink clearly improved antioxidation levels, reduced blood pressure and positively regulated skin redness and moisture. Phenloics and anthocyanins in roselle could be the major potentila contributors of such health benefits. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

BACKGROUND: Etrolizumab is a gut-targeted anti-β7 integrin monoclonal antibody. In an earlier phase 2 induction study, etrolizumab significantly improved clinical remission relative to placebo in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. The HIBISCUS studies aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of etrolizumab to adalimumab and placebo for induction of remission in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. METHODS: HIBISCUS I and HIBISCUS II were identically designed, multicentre, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled studies of etrolizumab, adalimumab, and placebo in adult (18-80 years) patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (Mayo Clinic total score [MCS] of 6-12 with an endoscopic subscore of ≥2, a rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1, and a stool frequency subscore of ≥1) who were naive to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. All patients had an established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis for at least 3 months, corroborated by both clinical and endoscopic evidence, and evidence of disease extending at least 20 cm from the anal verge. In both studies, patients were randomly assigned (2:2:1) to receive subcutaneous etrolizumab 105 mg once every 4 weeks; subcutaneous adalimumab 160 mg on day 1, 80 mg at week 2, and 40 mg at weeks 4, 6, and 8; or placebo. Randomisation was stratified by baseline concomitant treatment with corticosteroids, concomitant treatment with immunosuppressants, and baseline disease activity. All patients and study site personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was induction of remission at week 10 (defined as MCS of 2 or lower, with individual subscores of 1 or lower, and rectal bleeding subscore of 0) with etrolizumab compared with placebo. Pooled analyses of both studies comparing etrolizumab and adalimumab were examined for several clinical and endoscopic endpoints. Efficacy was analysed using a modified intent-to-treat population, defined as all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of study drug. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02163759 (HIBISCUS I), NCT02171429 (HIB

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. METHODS: Hypertension was induced in rats (SBP 173.2 ± 1.7 mmHg, mean, 1-24 h). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) of group-I (amlodipine treated), group-II (Z. officinale, and Z. officinale + amlodipine) and group-III (H. sabdariffa, and H. sabdariffa + amlodipine) animals were measured by "tail-cuff system". Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine with and without herbs (Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa) was also investigated. RESULTS: Z. officinale as well as H. sabdariffa decreased the SBP, DBP and MBP. Concurrent treatment with Z. officinale + amlodipine (SBP 129.4 ± 4.5) or H. sabdariffa + amlodipine (SBP 130.4 ± 3.9) showed higher decrease in BP (mean, 1-24h), than individually administered amlodipine (SBP 149.5 ± 2.4) or Z. officinale (SBP 150.2 ± 3.1) or H. sabdariffa (SBP 139.1 ± 1.2). These herbs also influenced the Cmax, AUC0-t, and Tmax of amlodipine. H. sabdariffa increased AUC0-t of amlodipine from 81.8 ± 14.7 to 125.0 ± 10.6 (ng h/mL). CONCLUSION: Simultaneous administration of Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa with amlodipine, improves its pharmacodynamic response. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

The present study aimed to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats.Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg per day). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of losartan were evaluated without and with herbal treatment in hypertensive rats.Treatment of hypertensive rats with investigated herbs substantially reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of rats. Treatment of rats (n = 5) with L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan reduced SBP by 16.20% and 14.88% and DBP by 14.82% and 17.52% respectively after 12 h, as compared to L-NAME alone treated rats. In a pharmacokinetic study, the Cmax and AUC0-t of losartan in L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan treated rats was increased by 0.7, 1.99 and 1.51, 3.00 fold respectively in comparison to the Cmax and AUC0-t obtained for L-NAME plus losartan treated group. In conclusion, both the investigated herbs significantly increased the antihypertensive effect and plasma concentration of losartan in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. The current study predicted that the herb-drug interaction between H. sabdariffa-losartan and Z. officinale-losartan could occur; hence these results in rats may warrant further studies in humans, either in humans or in in vitro human liver microsomes.

BACKGROUND: Current therapeutic approaches to treat metastatic breast cancer, although effective, have shown many inadvertent side effects such as genotoxicity due to a lack of selectivity. Thus, these treatment plans are not suitable for long-term usage. Natural health product extracts are safe for long-term consumption and some have shown to be medicinally active containing multiple bioactive compounds able target multiple vulnerabilities in cancer. One of which, Hibiscus rosa-sinesis (hibiscus) extract, has been reported to have many medicinal and anticancer properties due to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. However, its efficacy against breast cancer has not been fully investigated and characterized. If effective against cancer, hibiscus extract could potentially be combined with chemotherapeutic treatments in adjuvant therapy to reduce chemotherapy-inducing side effects. METHOD: We have investigated aqueous hibiscus flower extract anticancer efficacy, selectivity, and interactions with chemotherapeutics taxol, cisplatin, and tamoxifen in estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer cells, triple-negative human breast cancer cells, and normal non-cancerous cells. Apoptotic morphology and biochemical marker expression were assessed to determine the extent anticancer efficacy of hibiscus. Mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and reactive oxygen species generation were quantified using fluorogenic dyes to determine the mechanism of hibiscus extract action. RESULTS: Hibiscus extract was able to selectively induce apoptosis in both triple-negative and estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer cells in a dosage-dependent manner. Most importantly, addition of hibiscus extract was found to enhance the induction of apoptosis of chemotherapy treatments (taxol and cisplatin) in triple-negative breast cancer cells when compared to treatment alone. Moreover, hibiscus extract addition to chemotherapy treatment was able to increase oxidative stress and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential compared to individual treatments. CONCLUSION: Hibiscus extract is effective on breast cancer, most notably on generally resistant triple-negative breast cancer, while bei

Background Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage (HSB) is widely consumed as a medicinal herb and sometimes used concomitantly with drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory potential of the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (AEHS) on selected cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes and the effect of HSB on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in vivo. Methods In vitro inhibitions of eight major CYP isozymes by AEHS were estimated by monitoring CYP-specific model reactions of 10 CYP probe substrates using N-in-one assay method. Subsequently, an open, randomized, two-period crossover design was used to evaluate the effect of HSB on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose 200 mg caffeine in six healthy human volunteers. Blood samples were obtained at specific times over a 24 h period. Probe drugs and metabolites were analyzed in their respective matrices with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection. Results The H. sabdariffa aqueous extract weakly inhibited the selected CYP isozymes in vitro, with IC50 of >100 μgmL-1 in the order of CYP1A2 > CYP2C8 > CYP2B6 >> CYP2D6 > CYP2C19 > CYP3A4 > CYP2A6 > CYP2C9. HSB decreased terminal t1/2 and Tmax of caffeine by 13.6% and 13.0%, respectively, and increased Cmax by 10.3%. Point estimates of primary pharmacokinetic endpoints, Cmax = 1.142 (90% confidence interval (CI) = 0.882, 1.480) and AUC0-∞ = 0.992 (90% CI = 0.745, 1.320), were outside the 90% CI of 0.8-1.25 bioequivalence limits. Conclusion The aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa weakly inhibited eight CYP isozymes in vitro, but HSB modified the exposure to caffeine in human. Caution should be exercised in administering HSB with caffeine or similar substrates of CYP1A2 until more clinical data are available.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES: Increasing number of patients use herbs with their medications. Such practice may result in beneficial or harmful herb-drug interactions. A recent survey reported that some participants co-administered Hibiscus sabdariffa, a widely used beverage, or tea, with their antihyperlipidaemic medications. This study therefore evaluated the effect of concomitant administration of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces' extracts with simvastatin on hyperlipidaemia and pharmacokinetics of the drug in vivo. METHODS: Factorial experimental designs were used to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and interactions between simvastatin and aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (AEHS) on lipid profile parameters in hyperlipidaemia-induced Wistar rats. Different combinations of low (AEHS 250 mg/kg; simvastatin 10 mg/kg) and high doses (AEHS 500 mg/kg; simvastatin 20 mg/kg) were administered individually and concurrently daily for 2 and 4 weeks. Lipid profile parameters were assessed at these treatment periods. Subsequently, the effect of aqueous beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (ABHS) on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose 40 mg simvastatin was also evaluated in six healthy human volunteers using two-period randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times for 24 hours. The plasma obtained was analysed for simvastatin using RP-HPLC/UV method. RESULTS: Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa reduced total cholesterol (Tc ) better than simvastatin (P = .031). Low-dose AEHS and low-dose simvastatin used concomitantly caused 38.3% and 57.4% reductions in Tc and triglyceride levels, respectively, compared with low-dose simvastatin (P < .05). Also, ABHS increased clearance and reduced peak concentration of simvastatin by 44.6% and 18.0%, respectively (P < .05). The geometric mean ratio of simvastatin AUC0-∞ with or without ABHS was 0.646 with the 90% confidence interval (0.564, 0.758) falling outside the bioequivalent range. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa lowered Tc better than simvastatin and enhanced the antihyperlipidaemic activity of the drug when co-administered at low doses in an animal model.

Herbs have been used from ancient times for infusion preparation based on their potential health effects. In particular, the consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Crataegus spp. and Panax spp. has been largely associated to cardiovascular benefits. In this work, the label information of 52 herbal products for infusion preparation containing the referred herbs was analyzed and discussed, taking into consideration the European Union regulation for herbal products, which intends to protect public health and harmonize the legal framework in Member States. Details about the cardiovascular-related statements and warning notifications about consumption were considered. Also, regulatory issues and possible herb-drug interactions were explored and discussed. A total of 14 of the 52 herbal products selected presented health claims/statements on the label. Hibiscus was present in the majority of the products and, in some cases, it was mentioned only in the ingredients list and not on the product front-of-pack. Despite the promising outcomes of these plants to modulate cardiovascular risk markers, consumers with some sort of cardiovascular dysfunction and/or under medication treatments should be aware to carefully analyze the labels and consult additional information related to these herbal products. Manufacturers have also a huge responsibility to inform consumers by presenting awareness statements. Lastly, health professionals must advise and alert their patients about possible interactions that could occur between the concomitant consumption of drugs and herbs. Overall, there is still a real need of additional studies and clinical trials to better understand herbs effects and establish a science-based guidance to assess their safety.

Erratum in J Thorac Oncol. 2017 Aug;12(8):1325. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.05.012.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioavailability and clinical benefits of oral new formulation (HB12 ) of hydroxocobalamin (Hdrx) with Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS). First, in an observational study, a cohort of 30 vitamin B12 -deficient patients (vit B12 < 200 pg/mL) with neurological symptoms received oral fixed dose of Hdrx containing 15 mg Hdrx daily for 10 days followed by 15 mg monthly. Clinical benefits were evaluated on haematological and biochemical parameters, and neurological improvement at days 10 and 90 compared to day 0. To understand the mechanism, intestinal mucosa from mice were mounted in vitro in Ussing chambers to measure Hdrx Fluxes. In the clinical study, serum vitamin B12 level increased from 55.1 ± 36.9 to 1330 ± 335.5 pg/mL at day 10 and 431.0 ± 24.27 pg/mL at day 90, without overt adverse effects. In mice ileum, (i) intestinal bioavailability of Hdrx increased in dose-dependent manner with HB12 . The apparent permeability of Hdrx was Papp = 34.9 ± 4.6 × 10-6 cm/s in the presence of 3 mg/mL (HB12 B) compared to the control Papp = 6.2 ± 0.7 × 10-6 cm/s. (ii) Total transepithelial electrical conductance (Gt ) increased in dose-dependent manner with HB12 , Gt = 161.5 ± 10.8 mS/cm² with HB12 B (Hdrx 1 mg + HS 3 mg) compared to the control Hdrx, Gt = 28.7 ± 4.0 mS/cm². In conclusion, the clinical study suggests that injections are not required when Hdrx is given orally. Intestinal bioavailability of Hdrx increased in vitro when it was used concomitantly with HS. © 2016 Société Française de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique.

HYPOTHESIS: Chitosan (Cs) is a biocompatible, biodegradable cationic polymer having the ability of targeted drug delivery. Vitamin E and C are not synthesized in our body thus, when encapsulated within a carrier system these vitamins in combination with/alone can be utilized for their anti-cancer potentials. EXPERIMENT: The present investigation was conducted to develop a stable nanoparticle based formulation encapsulating antioxidants (Vitamin E, catechol) and silver nanoparticles synthesized from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS) petal extracts within a chitosan matrix. The prepared nanoformulations were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (Fe-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). They were further tested for their antioxidant potentials using DPPH assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay and ferrous antioxidant reducing potential assay. FINDINGS: The nanoformulations were found to be highly hemocompatible and showed high encapsulation efficiency up to 76%. They also showed higher antioxidant activity than their base materials. Further, their anti-cancer efficacy was observed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells having IC50 values of 53.36±0.36μg/mL (chitosan-ascorbic acid-glucose), 55.28±0.85μg/mL (chitosan-Vitamin E), 63.72±0.27μg/mL (Chitosan-catechol) and 58.53±0.55μg/mL (chitosan-silver nanoparticles). Thus, the prepared formulations can be therapeutically applied for effective and targeted delivery in breast cancer treatment.

Context The increasing problem of drug-resistant strains has led to the failure of current treatment regimens of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Recently, a new treatment strategy has been developed to overcome the problem by using natural products in combination with antibiotics to enhance the treatment efficacy. Objective The antimicrobial combinatory effect of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) (AEHS) with antibiotics (clarithromycin, CLA; amoxicillin, AMX; metronidazole, MTZ) has been evaluated in vitro against HP strains. Materials and methods Hibiscus calyces (35 g) were brewed in 250 mL of boiled water for 30 min, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by agar dilution method. The checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial combinatory effect according to the sum of fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC) indices. Results In this study, AEHS exerted remarkable bacteriostatic effect against all HP strains tested with MICs values ranging from 9.18 to 16.68 μg/mL. Synergy effect of AEHS with CLA or MTZ was obtained against four of seven HP strains tested with ∑FIC ranging from 0.21 to 0.39. The additive effect of AEHS with AMX was obtained against five of seven HP strains tested with ∑FIC ranging from 0.61 to 0.91. Conclusion This study presents AEHS as a potent therapeutic candidate alone, or in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of HP infection.

INTRODUCTION: Hibiscus syriacus L. flower (HSF) is a food ingredient commonly used for tea, and previous animal studies have reported its sleep-promoting effect. This study aims to test the potential of HSF extract as functional food that improves sleep in humans. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Eighty participants with sleep disturbances who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled in this study. Since the effect of HSF extract on sleep is considered to be that of a functional food rather than a medicine, participants with severe insomnia will be excluded from the study. The enrolled participants will be randomly assigned to the HSF extract or placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio. The HSF extract and placebo capsules will look identical, and participants, investigators, and outcome assessors will be blinded to the allocation. Four capsules of HSF extract or placebo will be orally administered 30-60 min before bedtime for 4 weeks. The primary outcome of this study will be the change in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score from the baseline after 4 weeks. The subjective and objective changes in the participants' sleep will be evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS), sleep diary, and polysomnography (PSG). The occurrence of adverse events will be closely monitored. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will provide data on the efficacy and safety of HSF extract in enhancing sleep quality. Based on the results, the potential of HSF extract as a functional food that improves sleep in humans will be evaluated, and the findings of the trial will be submitted to the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for consideration as a new functional ingredient that may help to improve sleep quality. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: : Clinical Research Information Service: KCT0007314; Registered 19 May 2022, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/21497.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis (H. rosasinensis) on the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion induced by carbachol. METHODS: Animals were kept on fasting for 48 h, then the pylorus of each animal was ligated. They were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated by carbachol at 600 μg/kg. Then animals in group II - V were treated by H. rosasinensis extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, cimetidine at 2.5 mg/kg and verapamil at 10 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally, respectively. The volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion were observed and compared. RESULTS: It was found that the extract significantly reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion (P<0.01). These reductions were comparable to cimetidine and verapamil. And the reduction in the volume and free acidity were more significant in cimetidine and verapamil treated group indicating that cimetidine and verapamil were more effective. CONCLUSIONS: The extract of H. rosasinensis can reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion, and can be used effectively in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

Recent advancements in nanogel formulations have significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines in wound healing applications. This systematic review explores the integration of various herbal extracts and bioactive compounds into nano gels, highlighting their improved properties and wound healing application. Key formulations include tobacco stem nanogels demonstrating stability and rapid wound contraction, neem and silk fibroin hydrogels accelerating wound regeneration, and curcumin nanosuspension-based nanogels significantly enhancing wound contraction rates. Additional formulations, such as Sansevieria trifasciata hydrogels and emodin-based double network hydrogels, showed substantial reductions in wound size and increased cell proliferation. The incorporation of herbal extracts and bioactive compounds like Bletilla striata, curcumin, calendula, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis further exhibited enhanced coagulation, antioxidant effects, and fibroblast proliferation. This review highlights the promising future of herbal nanogels in biomedical applications, offering a synergistic approach that combines the benefits of traditional herbal medicine with advanced nanotechnology.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with many chronic non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, gallbladder disease, bone and joint disorders, skin diseases, fatty liver disease, etc. (Wharton et al., 2020)1 The recent report revealed that overweight and obesity were prevalent in 60 % of the adult population. Several studies have been published to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on obesity treatment, but the findings are still inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of H. sabdariffa Linn in the treatment of obesity. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they explored the effect of H. sabdariffa on one of the following outcomes: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. A random-effects model was used to meta-analyze the data. I2 was used to quantify statistical heterogeneity among the included RCTs. PROSPERO registered protocol: CRD42023408880. RESULTS: A total of six RCTs with 339 participants were included. Four trials used H. sabdariffa extract in capsules as the intervention of interest compared to placebo, while the other two trials used H. sabdariffa tea compared to black or green tea. Our meta-analyses showed that the mean difference in weight reduction between H. sabdariffa and control was - 0.27 kg (95 % confidence interval (CI); - 1.98 to 1.42, I2 = 0.0 %). The mean differences for BMI and waist circumference reduction were - 0.06 kg/m2 (95 % CI; - 0.58 to 0.47, I2 = 0.0 %) and - 0.20 centimeters (95 % CI; - 2.06 to 1.66, I2 = 0.00 %). No safety concerns were reported in the included studies. CONCLUSION: Our study did not show a clinical benefit of H. sabdariffa extract in obesity treatment. However, further high-quality RCTs with a longer treatment duration and a standard dose are still warranted.

Development and identification of molecular compounds capable of killing or inhibiting transformed cells promoting carcinogenesis without inducing toxic effects to the normal cells are of utmost significance. A systematic review was conducted in screening for important literature was extensively performed by searching the Web of Science, Ovid, BMC Springer, Elsevier, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for optimum selectivity. Google Scholar was also used to supplement information. Pharmacotherapeutic biomolecules active against colon cancer carcinogenesis in Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana (bananas), Punica granatum L (pomegranate), Glycine max (Soybean), Brassica oleracea L var. italica Plenck (Broccoli), and Hibiscus rosa-sinesis and Hibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus) were evaluated. Signaling pathways like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) correlate the mediation of COX-2 expression. Increased levels of COX-2 are correlated with the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. Natural antioxidants in herbal plants including polyphenols and carotenoids inhibit the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and thereby preventing the initiation of oxidizing chain reactions. These bioactive compounds should be considered an important dietary supplement.

CONTEXT: Hibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus) has been proposed to affect cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence for the effectiveness of hibiscus in modulating cardiovascular disease risk markers, compared with pharmacologic, nutritional, or placebo treatments. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of the Web of Science, Cochrane, Ovid (MEDLINE, Embase, AMED), and Scopus databases identified reports published up to June 2021 on randomized controlled trials using hibiscus as an intervention for lipid profiles, blood pressure (BP), and fasting plasma glucose levels in adult populations. DATA EXTRACTION: Seventeen chronic trials were included. Quantitative data were examined using a random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression with trial sequential analysis to account for type I and type II errors. DATA ANALYSIS: Hibiscus exerted stronger effects on systolic BP (-7.10 mmHg [95%CI, -13.00, -1.20]; I2 = 95%; P = 0.02) than placebo, with the magnitude of reduction greatest in those with elevated BP at baseline. Hibiscus induced reductions to BP similar to that resulting from medication (systolic BP reduction, 2.13 mmHg [95%CI, -2.81, 7.06], I2 = 91%, P = 0.40; diastolic BP reduction, 1.10 mmHg [95%CI, -1.55, 3.74], I2 = 91%, P = 0.42). Hibiscus also significantly lowered levels of low-density lipoprotein compared with other teas and placebo (-6.76 mg/dL [95%CI, -13.45, -0.07]; I2 = 64%; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Regular consumption of hibiscus could confer reduced cardiovascular disease risk. More studies are warranted to establish an effective dose response and treatment duration. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020167295. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is considered to be a serious health problem worldwide. Controlling and lowering blood pressure are of significant benefit to people with hypertension because hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. Roselle, the tropical plant Hibiscus sabdariffa, also commonly called sour tea or red tea, has been used as both a thirst-quenching drink and for medicinal purposes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of Roselle on blood pressure in people with primary hypertension. SEARCH METHODS: For this update, the Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases and trials registers for randomised controlled trials (RCTs): the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register (to 6 August 2021), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2021, Issue 7), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 5 August 2021), Embase Ovid (1974 to 5 August 2021), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (to 6 August 2021), Web of Science Clarivate (to 7 August 2021), Food Science and Technology Abstracts Clarivate (to 7 August 2021), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (to 6 August 2021), and the US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (to 6 August 2021). We searched Google Scholar and OpenSIGLE. We also handsearched local and regional Chinese databases: CBM, CMCC, TCMLARS, CNKI, CMAC, and the Index to Chinese Periodical Literature (to 14 September 2020), as well as Thai databases (ThaiJO, CUIR, TDC, CMU e-Theses, TCTR) (to 3 October 2020). There were no language or publication date restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: We sought RCTs evaluating the use of any forms of Roselle with placebo or no treatment in adults with hypertension. Our primary outcome was change in trough and/or peak systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP). Secondary outcomes were withdrawals due to adverse effects, change in pulse pressure, and change in heart rate. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: All search results were managed using Covidence and re-checked for the number of records, inclusion and exclusion of studies with Mendeley reference management software. We used standard methodologica