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Hulless barley grass (HBG) is rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics, polysaccharides, and lipids, and consequently possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. However, which components contribute to its potential palliative effect on acute ulcerative colitis (AUC) is unknown. In this study, phenolics, polysaccharides, and lipids were extracted separately from HBG, and their antioxidant activities and effects on AUC in vivo were investigated. Compared to the polysaccharide/lipid extracts, phenolic extracts (HBGPE) had much higher antioxidant capacity, with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging capacity of 1.34 ± 0.02 mmol Trolox/100 g. The HBGPE also significantly decreased the body weight loss and colonic condition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced AUC mice. The strong anti-inflammatory effects of HBGPE led to a significant reduction in the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, crypt structure disruption, and mucosal damage, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (Tnfα), interleukin-6 (Il6), and Il1b. In addition, HBGPE could reduce intestinal flora disorders. Both polysaccharide and lipid extracts led to little reduction in the colon inflammatory condition. This study confirmed that HBG extracts could inhibit inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and gut microbial imbalance, especially HBGPE, which indicated that HBG may have potential for application in dietary prevention of AUC. © 2026 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.

Obesity and its related metabolic complications have become a major public health crisis of the 21st century, but may be reduced through increased dietary fiber intake. Hulless barley grass (HBG) contains abundant dietary fiber; however, it is currently unclear whether this dietary fiber is effective in reducing obesity. In the present study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in HBG was intervened for 4 weeks in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that SDF intervention could ameliorate obesity-related symptoms, as evidenced by the fact that different doses of SDF reduced HFD-induced weight gain and hyperlipidemia, lowered serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, ameliorated insulin resistance, and increased hepatic glycogen content. In summary, this study is important for the utilization of HBG and highlights the potential of SDF in HBG as a functional food for dietary management of obesity. © 2026 Institute of Food Technologists.

Eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs threatens aquatic ecosystems and requires sustainable solutions. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a fast-growing forage crop with potential for removing nutrients in eutrophic waters; however, a comprehensive understanding of its physiological responses across a wide gradient of concurrent N and P levels is still developing. To investigate this, a 7-day hydroponic experiment was conducted: six N + P enrichment levels, control (0), 70 + 7, 140 + 14, 280 + 28, 560 + 56, and 1120 + 112 mg·L-1 of total N and P (TN:TP fixed at 10:1), were prepared in hydroponic culture and their effect on seed germination, growth, nutritional quality, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and nutrient removal efficiency were studied. Results showed that early germination was inhibited under nutrients and enriched conditions, but this recovered by day 3. A moderate nutrient supply (NP 70 + 7) promoted seedling growth, resulting in maximum plant height, fresh weight, crude protein (6.6%), ether extract (6.1%), and chlorophyll a (10.9%) compared to the control. Root growth was best in control, while high nutrient stress (NP 1120 + 112) led to the highest mortality (23.5%). This mortality was linked to a severe suppression of the enzymatic antioxidant system (SOD, POD, and CAT), indicating a collapse of primary oxidative defense under extreme stress. Nutritional quality improved under NP 140 + 14, which yielded the lowest NDF and ADF and the highest chlorophyll b (15%) and glutathione content (14.9%). Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were most active in the control and declined with increasing N + P levels, while glutathione peaked under NP 140 + 14. This indicates a potential shift in the plant's defense strategy, where glutathione plays a key role in mediating tolerance to moderate eutrophic stress. Nutrient removal analysis showed that N removal efficiency was highest under NP 70 + 7 (53.4%), whereas P removal decreased consistently with rising concentrations. Overall, barley grass seedlings tolerated N + P levels up to NP 280 + 28 while maintaining growth and nutrient uptake, a resilience facilita

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC) driven by Wnt/β-Catenin pathway activation, may be mitigated by hulless barley grass (HBG), a high-altitude crop with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. A previous study found that HBG had palliative effects on UC. The effects and mechanism of HBG phenolic (PE), polysaccharide (PSE), and lipid extracts (LE) on UC associated CRC were investigated by establishing an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC mice model. Compared to CRC mice, the PE group (600 mg/kg/d) exhibited a 41.4% decrease in tumor numbers and a 16.5% decrease in the proportion of tumors more than 2 mm in size. In addition, PE effectively alleviated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα), interleukin-6 (Il6), and Il1β, and genes associated with tumorigenesis (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), and increased the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora. Quercetin-3-O-(2″,6″-α-L-dirhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, Quercetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, and Baicalin-7-diglucoside were identified as the main components of PE. Furthermore, PE downregulated β-Catenin (Ctnnb1) from 4.81 to 1.46 fold change, Myc from 4.27 to 1.62 (fold), and Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) from 5.43 to 2.35 fold. Both PSE (400 mg/kg/d) and LE (200 mg/kg/d) significantly decreased Tnfα and Il6 mRNA expression, and no significant difference in Ptgs2 and Egfr was observed between the PSE and LE groups and the model group. These findings indicated that PE had the potential to treat CRC, providing a preventive strategy for UC associated CRC. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This research indicates that phenolic extracts from hulless barley grass have potential for development as natural dietary supplements or functional food ingredients aimed at preventing colitis-associated colorectal cancer. By significantly reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing aberrant initiation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, these extracts may alleviate chronic intestinal inflammation. In addition, they contribute

This Research Paper addresses the hypothesis that the dietary inclusion of an Aspergillus niger fermentation product will alter the degradation kinetics and rumen fermentation patterns of feeds in dairy cattle. Fungal fermentation products often contain a suite of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites, which can influence the microbial environment in the rumen and act as digestibility enhancers. As the cattle sector is under increasing pressure to enhance its sustainability, the investigation of dietary interventions that could improve the efficiency of production is warranted. In a previous experiment, Synergen®, a product of the solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus niger (ANP) containing residual enzyme activities, significantly increased the in vitro digestibility of a grass silage-based dairy total mixed ration (TMR), suggesting that in vivo studies would be valuable. Hence the present study aimed to quantify the effects of this ANP on rumen fermentation measures in cattle. Using a 4 × 4 Latin square design, the effect of four doses of ANP (0, 5, 10, 15 g/day) in four cannulated Jersey heifers was measured on the in sacco degradation of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre in steam-flaked barley, grass silage and a grass silage-based TMR formulated for dairy cattle. Treatments had no significant effect on the rate, or extent, of degradation of any component in any feed investigated. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations and proportions, and rumen pH, were quantified at seven timepoints during each 48-h sampling period and were unaffected by treatment, as was the apparent total tract digestibility of DM. Under the conditions of this trial, ANP did not influence rumen fermentation kinetics; indicating that supplementing mature, non-lactating Jersey cattle with this fungal fermentation product is not an advantageous strategy to enhance feed digestibility.

Young barley leaves have been proven to distinguish themselves as highly potent in antioxidant activity, resulting from a high content of bioactive compounds. Due to their short storage time, it is crucial to prolong their shelf life. One of the methods that can be used is spray-drying, as it enables the production of powders that are highly valued in the food industry. This paper aimed to analyze the possibility of producing young barley leaf juice with improved properties. Juices were spray-dried with and without carriers at 100/60 °C inlet/outlet temperature using air of 1.5 g/m3 humidity as the drying medium. Maltodextrin (MD), Nutriose® (N), and Arabic gum (AG) were used in a ratio 1:3 carrier/juice solids. The results proved that dehumidified air application enabled the production of young barley leaf juice powder, that was free of the carriers, of high retention coefficient (RC) of chlorophyll A and B (80.84 ± 6.56% and 87.05 ± 5.21%, respectively). No statistical difference was noted between variants with maltodextrin (chlorophyll A: 91.22 ± 5.07%, chlorophyll B: 71.72 ± 5.44%), Nutriose® (chlorophyll A: 72.24 ± 5.32%, chlorophyll B: 67.04 ± 12.41%), and carrier-free powder; thus, the elimination of a carrier can be considered to effectively produce a "clean" label, functional product. The highest degradation among the tested bioactive compounds was noted for vitamin C.

BACKGROUND: Seed dormancy is a critical evolutionary trait that enhances the persistence of plant populations under both natural and managed conditions. It is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, with crop management practices like tillage and herbicide use reportedly selecting for increased seed dormancy in weeds. This study aimed to compare the success of seed dormancy breaking methods between weed populations collected from intensively managed crop fields and unmanaged ruderal locations. RESULTS: Weeds from intensively managed fields, including Hordeum glaucum, H. leporinum, Avena fatua, Bromus diandrus, and B. rigidus exhibited significantly higher seed dormancy and didn't respond largely to seed dormancy breaking methods compared to those from unmanaged areas. Dormancy-breaking treatments such as sandpaper scarification were effective in barley grass, while endosperm excision followed by cold stratification alleviated dormancy in brome grass and wild oat. Dark incubation consistently improved germination across all species, enhancing the efficacy of treatments like cold stratification, sandpaper scarification, and gibberellic acid (GA3). CONCLUSION: Weeds in managed fields develop greater seed dormancy, likely as an adaptive response to agricultural practices. Techniques such as tillage, which incorporate seeds deeper into the soil, may help mitigate seed dormancy traits by reducing light exposure. These findings highlight the importance of dormancy management in controlling persistent weed populations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

BACKGROUND: Digestive issues are recognized as significant contributors to various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Barley, a traditional grain, offers considerable promise in addressing these health challenges due to unique nutritional and bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE: This review examines the therapeutic potential of various parts of barley, underutilized resource, for chronic disease prevention and management. METHOD: ology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science, to identify nutritional components and functional ingredients in barley that contribute to gut health and chronic disease mitigation. RESULTS: The finding suggests that humans digest barley starch more slowly than wheat and rice, which benefits chronic disease management. Barley's high-molecular-weight β-glucan high content acts as a prebiotic, promotes gut health through microbiome modulation and short-chain fatty acid production, potentially preventing colon cancer and boosting immunity. Recent studies on exploring barley grass of high land showed functional ingredients such as flavonoids, saponarin lutonarin, superoxide dismutase, gamma-aminobutyric acid, polyphenols K, Ca, Se, tryptophan chlorophyll, and vitamins, suggesting potential for enhanced antioxidant activity and improved management of chronic conditions like diabetes, cholesterol, hypertension, cardiovascular health, liver protection, and even boosted immunity. CONCLUSION: This review underscores the therapeutic potential of barley and its components in chronic disease management, highlighting the need for well-designed clinical trials to translate these findings into effective interventions. © 2024 The Authors.

Vanadium (V) contamination posed a significant environmental challenge, while phytoremediation offered a sustainable solution. Phytoremediation performance was often limited by the slow growth cycles of traditional plants. A novel approach to enhancing V phytoremediation by integrating coffee grounds with fast-growing plants such as barley grass, wheat grass, and ryegrass was investigated in this study. The innovative use of coffee grounds leveraged not only their nutrient-rich composition but also their ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants, thereby significantly boosting phytoremediation efficiency. Notably, ryegrass achieved 48.7% V5+ removal within 6 d with initial 20 mg/L V5+ (0.338 mg/L·d·g ryegrass). When combined with coffee grounds, V5+ removal by using wheat grass increased substantially, rising from 30.51% to 62.91%. Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models, trained with optimized parameters including a learning rate of 0.1, max depth of 3, and n_estimators of 300, were employed to predict and optimize V5+ concentrations in the phytoremediation process. These models were evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) metrics, achieving high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.95, MSE = 1.20). Feature importance analysis further identified the initial V5+ concentration and experimental duration as the most significant factors influencing the model's predictions. The addition of coffee grounds not only mitigated the stress of heavy metals on ryegrass, leading to significant reductions in CAT (87.2%), POD (98.8%), and SOD (39.2%) activities in ryegrass roots, but also significantly altered the microbial community abundance in the plant roots. This research provided an innovative enhancement to traditional phytoremediation methods, and established a new paradigm for using machine learning to predict and optimize V5+ remediation outcomes. The effectiveness of this technology in multi-metal polluted environments warrants further investigation in the future.

Young shoots of cereals are widely regarded as superfoods with health benefits attributed to their potential antioxidant activity and antioxidant-related effects (e.g. anticancer). The current study aimed to examine the chemical characteristics of Hordeum vulgare methanolic and aqueous extracts and assess their antioxidant activity using the DDPH and ORAC. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase was screened. TLC bioautography was employed to determine the polarity of the compounds present in the extracts that exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity. Total flavonoid content of the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 0.14 mg QE/g and 0.012 mg QE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was found to be more potent, with a value of 0.97 ± 0.13 mmol TE/g than the aqueous extract which had no activity. This study presents novel findings on the xanthine inhibitory activity of H. vulgare. The methanolic extract demonstrated moderate inhibition of xanthine oxidase with a value of 23.24%. The results of our study were compared with the phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of Triticum aestivum, and further comparison was made with the data reported in the literature. Inconsistencies were observed in the chemical and pharmacological properties of H. vulgare, which could be a result of using herbal material harvested in different vegetative phases and various methods used for extraction. The findings of our study indicate that the timing of the harvest and extraction method may play crucial role in attaining the optimal phytochemical composition of H. vulgare, hence enhancing its pharmacological activity. © 2024. The Author(s).

Hyperlipidemia is a pathological disorder of lipid metabolism that can cause fatty liver, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, and other diseases, seriously endangering people's health. Polysaccharides have been shown to have lipid-lowering potential. In the current study, the anti-hyperlipidemia effect and potential mechanisms of a polysaccharide (BGP-Z31) obtained from barley grass harvested at the stem elongation stage in high-fat diet (HFD)-treated mice were investigated. Results showed that supplementation with BGP-Z31 (200 and 400 mg kg-1) not only suppressed obesity, organ enlargement, and fat accumulation caused by HFD, but also regulated dyslipidemia, relieved liver function injury, and ameliorated the oxidative stress level. Meanwhile, BGP-Z31 increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid in HFD-induced mice. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that BGP-Z31 had no obvious effect on the gut microbiota diversity in mice treated with HFD, but it positively remodeled the intestinal flora structure by elevating the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae and lowering the Firmicutes/Bacteroides value and the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae. Therefore, our data suggested that BGP-Z31 can be used as a promising nutritional supplement for dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass has been recognized as a functional food with a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. Supplementation with barley grass has the potential to prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer. Here, we investigated whether barley grass could protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our data showed that administration of barley grass juice attenuates tumor development in a hydrodynamic gene delivery-induced model of HCC. The expression levels of the immune cell markers Ptprc and Adgre1 were upregulated in the barley grass juice-treated and normal groups, compared to those in the vehicle group in the HCC model. Immune cells (CD45+, F4/80+, and CLEC4F + iNOS + cells) infiltration in the liver increased following barley grass juice administration. Our results indicate that barley grass could be beneficial for HCC alleviation, partly by regulating immune cell infiltration. The ingredients of barley grass affect immune cell infiltration in HCC, and the detailed mechanism requires further study.

OBJECTIVES: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increasing production of thyroid hormone (TH) and decreasing of thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) secretion. The treatment of hyperthyroidism includes such as anti-thyroid drugs, radioiodine, and thyroidectomy have many side effects without complete curing results. We described a successful treatment of hyperthyroidism patient with dietary-herbal supplementation with wet cupping without any medicine. CASE PRESENTATION: A 29-years female, blood analysis showed that she had low TSH (0.012 mlU/mL), and normal levels of T3 and T4. After completing 16 weeks on Carbimazole, TSH value still low (0.024 mlU/mL) and urticaria was appeared. She decided to stop Carbimazole and try alternative therapy choices. She received wet cupping and dietary-herbal supplementations (including royal jelly, green barley grass and Taraxaf®) for two months. Notably, TSH values was increased during-after intervention and urticaria was disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative therapy could be a beneficial choice for hyperthyroidism treatment without any side effects or complications under physician supervision. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

We investigated the influence of Swedish recommended vitamins A, D3 and E supplementation levels on muscle tenderness and fatty acid (FA) composition under indoor or outdoor finishing programmes. Swedish Red breed steer calves were divided into vitamin supplemented (n = 12) and non-supplemented (n = 15) groups while on pasture prior to the finishing period. This trial began at the beginning of the winter housing period during which the steers were fed a 55 : 45 dry matter barley : grass silage diet indoors. The indoor finished group was comprised of vitamin supplemented (n = 6) and non-supplemented (n = 8) steers slaughtered after about 155 days on feed. Vitamin supplemented steers were provided with 100 g mineral supplement providing 400 000 IU vitamin A, 100 000 IU D3 and 3000 IU E daily as recommended for Swedish production practices. In spring, outdoor finished vitamin supplemented (n = 6) and non-supplemented (n = 7) steers grazed semi-natural grassland for an additional 120 days before slaughter. During pasture, vitamin supplemented steers had free-choice access to a mineral supplement containing vitamins A, D3 and E. The mineral supplement for the non-supplemented steers did not contain vitamins A, D3 and E and was provided at the same amount as the vitamin supplemented steers. Shear force values were similar between vitamin supplemented and non-supplemented steers after ageing 2, 7 and 14 days within indoor and outdoor finishing programmes. The shear force values had decreased by 14 days of ageing within all programmes. The μ- and m-calpain activity did not differ between vitamin supplemented and non-supplemented steers for either the indoor or outdoor finishing programmes. The calpastatin activity was higher for the indoor, vitamin supplemented steers. Indoor finished vitamin supplemented steers had a greater proportion of C18:1c-9 and total monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas the non-supplemented steers had a greater proportion of total saturated fatty acids. We concluded that the meat quality from steers not receiving vitamin supplementation was similar to that of steers receiving vitamins A, D3 and E supplementation at Swedish recommended levels und

Four digestion experiments with 5 wethers each (Feeding: artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day), two short time experiments (Exp. 1: 3 rumen fistulated sheep; feeding; artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day; exp. 2: 20 bulls; feeding; 2 kg concentrates per animal and day; wheat straw ad libitum; 0, 150 or 300 mg lasalocid per animal and day) and one individual feeding experiment (24 bulls per group; duration: 279 days, feeding: 2 kg concentrates per animal and day, corn silage and whole barley-grass silage ad libitum; 0 or 100/200 mg lasalocid per animal and day) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of the ionophore lasalocid on digestibility, figures of rumen fermentation as well as fattening and slaughtering results of bulls. Higher doses of lasalocid (30 and 60 mg per animal and day) decreased significantly digestibility of organic matter (1.8 and 2.8 units) and crude fibre (5.8 and 7.2 units). Relative acetate (22 to 120 mmoles per mol) and butyrate concentration (23 to 58 mmoles per mol) were decreased and molar propionate concentration of rumen liquid (25 to 154 mmoles per mol) was increased depending on level of lasalocid supplementation. Lasalocid did not significantly influence the dry matter intake; daily weight gain and slaughtering results were increased (4.4 and 6.1%), energy efficiency was improved (3.8%). Effects of lasalocid are similar to that of monensin. A dose of 20 to 30 mg lasalocid per kg dry matter is recommended.

BACKGROUND: Hordeum vulgare, commonly known as Barley grass, is a historically significant cultivated plant with profound implications for societies, agricultural sciences, and human nutrition. It has been valued for both sustenance and its potential medicinal properties. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the medicinal properties of Hordeum vulgare, focusing on its potential therapeutic benefits and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, we seek to quantify and compare the phytochemical content of two distinct extracts: Barley Grass Hexane Extract (BGHE) and Barley grass aqueous extract (BGAQ). METHODS: We quantified the phytochemical contents of BGHE and BGAQ and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects using UV spectroscopy at 560 nm, coupled with the RBC membrane stabilization technique. Subsequently, we conducted in silico studies to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of Barley grass leaf extracts. RESULTS: Both BGHE and BGAQ demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on inflammation compared to the control group. However, BGHE exhibited superior anti-inflammatory efficacy when compared to BGAQ, suggesting its role as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. In silico studies further supported the anti-inflammatory potential of Barley grass leaf extracts. CONCLUSION: Hordeum vulgare, or Barley grass, offers a wealth of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-acne, and anti-depressant properties. These properties contribute to improved immunity, reduced cardiovascular disorders, and alleviation of fatigue. The distinct extracts, BGHE and BGAQ, both exhibit promising anti-inflammatory capabilities, but BGHE shows better anti-inflammatory activity. This research sheds light on the therapeutic potential of Barley grass, making it a valuable candidate for further exploration in the field of natural medicine.

BACKGROUND: The consumption of green juice of Barley and wheat grass is widely increases because of its therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate phytochemicals and evaluate the antioxidant and antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included phytochemical screening, evaluation of antioxidant and antidepressant activities. Four groups consisting of six mice in each group. Negative control with stressed induced mice; imipramine group (100 mg/kg), barley and wheat extract group (400 mg/kg) respectively. Forced swim, tail suspension and elevated plus maize test were carried out to evaluate the antianxiety and antidepressant activity. RESULTS: Phytochemical screening of barley and wheat grass extract showed secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, Saponin, Tannins, Phenolic, Carbohydrate, Glycosides, Flavonoids, and Proteins. The mean total phenolic content of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass was 160.996 ± 0.656, 135.63 ± 1.184 mg equivalent of GAE/g respectively. The total flavonoid content of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass was 153.42 ± 0.40, 133.14 ± 0.43 mg equivalent of quercetin/g respectively. The extracts were proved to be an effective radical scavenger in all antioxidant assays. Forced swim and tail suspension test showed a significant (∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01) decrease in an immobility time. In elevated plus maize, there was a significant (∗∗p < 0.01) increase in average time spent on the open arm of the extract-treated group as compared to the negative control. CONCLUSION: It shows that barley and wheat grass extract has antidepressant effect.