Brewer's Yeast (Medicinal Yeast · Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

BACKGROUND: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a vital forage and cereal crop widely cultivated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known for its outstanding adaptability to barren soils. Nitrogen (N) is a critical macronutrient, and the excessive application of N fertilizers has triggered severe ecological crises. Identifying key genes regulating adaptation to low N stress is essential for breeding N-efficient oat varieties. The DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant stress responses, but their precise molecular mechanisms in oat N-deficiency adaptation remain largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide identification and unveiled 54 AsDof genes in the oat genome. Phylogenetic, synteny, and promoter analyses revealed their high evolutionary conservation and complex potential roles in stress networks. Transcriptome profiling under low N stress pinpointed AsDof6.5 as a potential candidate. Ectopic expression of AsDof6.5 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced plant adaptation to low N. This was morphologically manifested as enhanced primary root elongation, increased root hair number, and significantly higher fresh weight under N-deprived conditions. Physiological assays further demonstrated that AsDof6.5 overexpression efficiently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation while simultaneously preserving soluble protein (SP) levels. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that AsDof6.5 has the potential to physicall

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) involves dihydrotestosterone-driven follicular miniaturization compounded by oxidative stress and perifollicular inflammation, while current pharmacotherapies remain limited by adverse effects. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae) leaves, a phenolic-

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss, is driven by dihydrotestosterone-mediated follicular miniaturization, oxidative stress, and perifollicular inflammation, requiring multi-target intervention. Coffee pulp is an abundant coffee-processing by-product and a potential source of value-added bioactives relevant to AGA. This study investigated whether fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, or their mixed culture could remodel c

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting seborrheic areas of the skin, including the scalp. It is often confused with scalp psoriasis due to similar clinical and histopathological features. OBJECTIVE: This study described microscopic changes in the pilosebaceous unit in seborrheic dermatitis (SDS) using cross-sectional histological sections in order to improve diagnostic accuracy in differentiating SDS from scalp psoriasis and early-stage alopecia. METHODS: This study included 35 men aged 18-65 diagnosed with SDS (both mild and severe cases). Scalp biopsies were obtained and analyzed for 35 microscopic parameters, including quantitative and qualitative variables, and compared with the data of scalp psoriasis from a previous study. RESULTS: Among 35 scalp biopsies from seborrheic dermatitis (SDS) cases, no significant histological differences were observed between mild and severe forms. Sebaceous gland atrophy was absent in SDS but present in 40% of 22 psoriasis cases, which also showed significantly smaller gland size (0.22 vs. 0.51 mm; p < 0.05). Perifollicular inflammation and fibrosis were common in SDS, while Malassezia yeasts and Demodex mites were rarely identified. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size and lack of longitudinal follow-up limit the generalizability of the results. Additionally, only scalp biopsies were analyzed, excluding other affected areas. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize that the absence of sebaceous gland atrophy is a useful criterion in the differentiation of seborrheic dermatitis from psoriasis of the scalp. They also highlight the diagnostic complexity of SDS with histologi

BACKGROUND: Diffuse hair loss and shedding is often managed with food supplements, yet evidence for ingredient combinations is limited. Our exploratory study evaluated a nutritional supplement (Priorin capsules, Bayer) containing millet extract, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), L-cystine, and biotin (vitamin B7) in healthy subjects with light diffuse hair loss. METHODS: In this open-label, intra-individual, multicenter study, subjects with non-illness-related, light diffuse hair loss used the product (two capsules/day) for 12 weeks. Endpoints included objective measurements of hair density, hair growth coefficient, and hair loss (phototrichogram), subjective evaluations of hair appearance, beauty and volume (hairdresser-rated), consumer perception and acceptance, and tolerability. RESULTS: In 112 subjects (mean age 32 ± 1 years; 93.8% female), hair density (n = 109) and the proportion of hairs in the anagen phase increased significantly, while the telogen proportion decreased (p < 0.001, week 12 vs. baseline). Hair loss had declined by 59% at week 12 (p < 0.001). Significant improvements in the hairdresser-rated hair quality and appearance parameters (shine, softness/elasticity, strength, smoothness, dryness, vitality, volume) were observed (p < 0.001). From week 2, subjects reported progressive improvement in appearance, growth, and slowing of hair loss. At week 12, 90% of subjects perceived improved hair appearance and growth, 85% reported slowing down of hair loss, and 82% were satisfied with the overall hair improvements with treatment. The supplement was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of millet extract, pantothenic acid, L-cystine, and biotin was associated with reduced hair loss, improv

PURPOSE: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by perifollicular micro-inflammation, although its precise trigger remains elusive. Given that the hair follicle harbors a distinct microbiota which may modulate local immune responses, this study aimed to comprehensively profile the bacterial and fungal microbiome within the deep hair follicles of AGA patients versus healthy controls, and to evaluate the influence of disease severity, age, sex, and geographical environment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We recru

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from microbial sources, including beer yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), have recently attracted increasing attention as bioactive nanostructures with potential biomedical and cosmetic applications. In this study, EVs were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (beer yeast) using an electrokinetic ion-binding filtration system, followed by tangential flow filtration (TFF)-based buffer exchange. Their physicochemical characteristics and hair follicle-related biological activities were systematically evaluated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated a mean particle size within the typical EV range, and zeta potential analysis confirmed a negatively charged surface. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy further verified the presence of lipid bilayer-enclosed nanovesicles. Biological activity was assessed in human dermal papilla cells, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts, which collectively represent key components of the hair follicle microenvironment. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, yeast-derived EVs enhanced dermal papilla cell proliferation and promoted keratinocyte migration. The EVs attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression under stimulated conditions and upregulated collagen-related gene expression in dermal fibroblasts. In addition, measurable antioxidant activity was observed. Collectively, these findings indicate that S. cerevisiae-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit multifunctional bioactivity relevant to the regulation of hair follicle-associated cellular processes. This study supports the potential of microbial EVs as scalable bioactive platforms for modulating hair follicle microenvironmental homeostasis.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, involves progressive follicular miniaturization and reduced hair density. Emerging evidence implicates the scalp microbiome as a potential modifier of this process. Preliminary evidence suggests alterations in microbial communities in patients with AGA compared to the general population, with the most robust finding being an enrichment of Cutibacterium acnes, particularly in males. Increases in Malassezia and reductions in Lawsonella and Corynebacterium have also been described, though results are less consistent across studies, while Staphylococcus displays variable patterns. These microbial shifts parallel alterations in scalp sebum composition, such as elevated triglycerides and palmitic acid, that may favor growth of lipophilic microbes. Mechanistic insights from in vitro studies and related inflammatory skin conditions indicate that C. acnes and Malassezia spp. are capable of generating free fatty acids and activating innate immune pathways, such as TLR2- and NLRP3-associated signaling, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine production, potentially contributing to follicular stem cell apoptosis and hair follicle miniaturization. Although findings remain heterogenous, emerging evidence suggests microbial-lipid-immune interactions may contribute to AGA pathogenesis, providing a rationale for exploring treatments like ketoconazole or other lipid-modulating interventions. © 2026 The Author(s). International Journal of Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the International Society of Dermatology.

Rosa laevigata Michx. (R. laevigata) is an important horticultural plant with strong drought resistance and ornamental value. Its fruit can be used as medicine, but its fruits and stems are covered with dense prickles, which leads to difficulty for cultivation. The molecular mechanism of prickle development in R. laevigata is still unknown. In the present study, eighty-one prickle-related genes were found by transcriptome sequencing. A gene closely related to prickle development was selected for functional research, which was named TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1).

Hair growth is orchestrated by a complex cycle comprising the anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen phases that are largely regulated by dermal papilla cells (DPCs). The disruption of oxidative balance and inflammation impairs follicle function and regeneration. Fermented yeast complex extract (FYCE) is a bioactive material derived from enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast and collagen substrates through a two-step fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum, enriched in antioxidant amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-alanine. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FYCE on hair regrowth, with a focus on its modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated DPCs. FYCE treatment significantly enhanced NRF2 expression (3.2-fold compared to H2O2-treated DPCs), a central transcription factor controlling antioxidant defense, and concomitantly suppressed NF-κB activity (0.6-fold compared to H2O2-treated DPCs), a key mediator of inflammation. Importantly, FYCE also attenuated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as evidenced by the decreased expression levels of its molecular components. Comp

OBJECTIVES: White piedra (WP) is a fungal infection that affects hair shafts, resulting in the formation of soft nodules that can be white, gray, or brown. While it was initially believed to be caused by Trichosporon beigelii, genetic analysis has reclassified Trichosporon inkin, T. ovoides, and T. cutaneum, as the primary causative agents of WP. In this report, we present a rare documented case of WP caused by Candida orthopsilosis, as a member of Candida parapsilosis complex, occurring without presence of Trichosporon in a temperate region in northern Iran. CASE PRESENTATION: A 3-year-old girl visited a dermatology clinic with complaints of hair knots in the occipital area, particularly around the ears, that were difficult to remove. These symptoms have persisted for two months. The patient has no history of gym classes or kindergarten attendance and was not taking any specific medications. No other areas of her body were affected, and none of her family members reported experiencing any symptoms. Fungal isolates were identified using PCR-RFLP and confirmed by sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing of t

In the present study, the synthesis, characterization, and therapeutic effects in treating second-degree burn wounds of the green synthesis ZnO NPs using Ferulago angulata extract and its doping with magnesium were evaluated. The prepared materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of materials were investigated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The concentration of 500 µg/mL of Mg-doped ZnO NPs was associated with the highest level of DPPH radical reduction among the several substances (F. angulata extract, ZnO NPs, and Mg-doped ZnO NPs) (p < 0.05). The Pasteur Institute cell bank was employed to obtain the Huvec cell line for the cytotoxicity test. The viability of the cells decreased as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) after 24 h of exposure. The lowest viability rate was seen when these substances were added at 1000 µg/mL. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of nanoparticles and ointments prepared from thes

We report cases of Microsporum audouinii infections on the scalp of three individuals from an African family, originating from Mali and residing in Guangzhou. This is the first time that M. audouinii has been reported in China. The index case involved a 2-year-old boy who presented with scalp patches and scaling for more than 1 year. Dermatological examination revealed scattered dark brown patches with scales on the scalp without noticeable alopecia or pustules. Fungal microscopy revealed the presence of Ectothrix hyphae and abundant clusters of arthroconidia. On Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, pale yellow cottony colonies with radial growth appeared within 4 days. Small colonies grown on the 1% yeast extract medium exhibited pyriform and clavate microconidia, septate, thick-walled macroconidia, and comb-like hyphae. rDNA ITS Molecular identification, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing all confirmed the presence of M. audouinii. The patient's father and second-eldest brother, both asymptomatic carriers, had positive fungal cultures for scalp dandruff, which were also identified as M. audouinii. After failing a 6-week course of oral itraconazole at 0.05 g/day with poor adherence, the patient was switched to intermittent oral terbinafine (0.08 g/day for 18 weeks) which resulted in minimal arthroconidia presence on the scalp and negative fungal culture. The father and second-eldest brother were each administer

The bile acid: sodium symporter (BASS) plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. In this study, eight members of the BASSs group were identified through genome-wide screening. Additionally, employing phylogenetic analysis allowed for the categorization of the BASS gene family into five distinct subfamilies. The localization of GmBASSs in young tobacco leaves was primarily observed within chloroplasts using confocal microscopy. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that a significant response was observed in the majority of GmBASSs genes toward abiotic stress, such as NaCl, NaHCO3, and 20% PEG6000. The GmBASSs gene was also observed to display distinct expression patterns across various tissue. It is noteworthy that the GmBASS2-2 gene exhibits a remarkably high level of upregulation in response to salt stress, suggesting its

The BCS1L gene encodes a mitochondrial chaperone which inserts the Fe2S2 iron-sulfur Rieske protein into the nascent electron transfer complex III. Variants in the BCS1L gene are associated with a spectrum of mitochondrial disorders, ranging from mild to severe phenotypes. Björnstad syndrome, a milder condition, is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and pili torti. More severe disorders include Complex III Deficiency, which leads to neuromuscular and metabolic dysfunctions with multi-systemic issues and Growth Retardation, Aminoaciduria, Cholestasis, Iron Overload, and Lactic Acidosis syndrome (GRACILE). The severity of these conditions varies depending on the specific BCS1L mutation and its impact on mitochondrial function. This study describes a 27-month-old child with SNHL, proximal renal tubular acidosis, woolly hypopigmented hair, developmental delay, and metabolic alterations. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous BCS1L variant (c.38A>G, p.Asn13Ser), previously reported in a patient with a more severe phenotype that, however, was not functionally characterized. In this work, functional studies in a yeast model and patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated that the variant impairs mitochondrial respiration, complex III activity (CIII), and also alters mitochondrial morphology in affected fibroblasts. Interesting

Food allergy is defined as an abnormal immune system response to the ingestion of certain ingredients or food additives. Beta-glucans may support the management of obesity, particularly due to their immunomodulatory properties. However, the possible adverse reactions of this nutraceutical are little known. This report documents an allergic skin reaction in a 6-year-old obese mixed-breed dog after consuming 0.1% purified beta-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and subsequent dermatological signs after ingesting beta-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis. The dog was enrolled in a clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of two types of beta-glucans on digestive, immunological, and intestinal health in obese dogs. Three nutritionally similar extruded dry diets were utilized: a control (CTL) diet without beta-glucans, beta-glucan A (BGA) containing 0.1% beta-1,3/1,6-glucans, and beta-glucan B (BGB) with 0.1% beta-1,3-glucans. Initially, the dog was deemed healthy, with all clinical parameters being within normal ranges. After a 30-day adaptation period consuming the CTL diet, the dog was randomized to the BGA diet. Within 30 days, the owner reported intense pruritus, alopecia, and erythema in various areas. A nutritional consultation confirmed that the dog had never been exposed to beta-glucans before. The CTL diet was reinstated, resulting in symptom resolution within 1 week. Following a subsequent challenge with the BGA diet, dermatological manifestation

17. JAAD Int. 2024 Dec 19;19:10-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2024.11.008. eCollection 2025 Apr. Histologic absence of yeast as a clue for classic lichen planopilaris, fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution, and frontal fibrosing alopecia: A cross-sectional observational study. Williams K(1), Tosti A(1), Thompson CT(2)(3). Author information: (1)Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. (2)CTA Pathology, Beaverton, Oregon. (3)Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2024.11.008 PMCID: PMC11763523 PMID: 39872730 Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Update of bioRxiv. 2024 Mar 27:2024.03.25.586600. doi: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586600. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that complete the first step of protein translation: ligation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Genes encoding ARSs have been implicated in myriad dominant and recessive phenotypes, the latter often affecting multiple tissues but with frequent involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems, liver, and lungs. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS1) encodes the enzyme that ligates threonine to tRNATHR in the cytoplasm. To date, TARS1 variants have been implicated in a recessive brittle hair phenotype. To better understand TARS1-related recessive phenotypes, we engineered three TARS1 missense variants at conserved residues and studied these variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans models. This revealed two loss-of-function variants, including one hypomorphic allele (R433H). We next us

A better understanding of human melanocyte (MC) and MC stem cell biology is essential for treating MC-related diseases. This study employed an inherited pigmentation disorder carrying the SASH1S519N variant in a Hispanic family to investigate SASH

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and debilitating condition in children, with limited research on its characteristics and treatment. Therefore, this study aims to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients with CIA and the treatment outcomes of topical minoxidil and L-cystine, medicinal yeast, and pantothenic acid complex-based dietary supplements (CYP). This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patie